Early closure of sutures leading to increased ICP and abnormal shape
Card 31
Nursing considerations for Craniosynostosis
Answer
1/2-1cm growth a week, always lower, can go back and open
Card 32
Seizures are a symptom of what?
Answer
Neurologic dysfunction
Card 33
Causes of seizures
Answer
Structural problems such as IVH & trauma, meningitis, metabolic encephalopathies, withdrawal from maternal drugs, genetic (usually day 2-3 of life)
Card 34
Clinical presentation of seizures in neonates
Answer
Subtle and varies; jitteriness must be ruled out for calcium depletion or hypoglycemia.
Card 35
Nursing considerations for seizures
Answer
Protect airway, monitor post-ictal (sleepy), more male than female, multifocal/clonic movement that migrates from one limb to another
Card 36
Spina bifida occulta involves what?
Answer
Vertebral bones and may not be noticeable at birth.
Card 37
Signs of Spina bifida occulta
Answer
Lower sacrum tuft of hair may be present, dimple, ultrasound
Card 38
Meningocele definition
Answer
Meningocele is protrusion of the meninges.
Card 39
Myelomeningocele definition
Answer
Myelo includes the inner cord and or nerve root. Often cannot tell apart before surgery.
Card 40
Nursing considerations for Myelomeningocele
Answer
Hydrocephalus, monitor at neuro, changes, still present if fixed in utero, latex issues, orthopedic issues, bowel training
Card 41
Encephalocele definition
Answer
Neural herniation which may or may not contain meninges or brain matter.
Card 42
Hypoxemia and anoxia can lead to what condition?
Answer
Metabolic acidosis and ischemia of brain tissue, continued hypoxia and ischemia lead to neurologic dysfunction, systemic asphyxia and multisystem organ failure.
Card 43
What is the cooling procedure for HIE?
Answer
Neuroprotective
Card 44
Mild HIE typically resolves in how many hours?
Answer
24 hours
Card 45
Symptoms of mild HIE
Answer
Wide awake, stool sucked, normal EEG
Card 46
Moderately severe HIE symptoms
Answer
Apnea, seizures in 1-2 weeks, drowsy, EEG not all normal, lethargic
Card 47
Severely severe HIE requires ventilator support, signs of increasing cerebral edema, comatose, seizures
Answer
True
Card 48
Head and body cooling are FDA approved for what?
Answer
Moderate to severe HIE
Card 49
Outcome of HIE is variable and based on what?
Answer
Placement and severity of insult
Card 50
Nursing considerations for HIE
Answer
Very tight fluid control, blood pressure = 35-40 + drops perfusion to brain, drops, watch sugars, SIS seizures
Card 51
Anencephaly definition
Answer
Cranial hemispheres are both missing
Card 52
Schizencephaly definition
Answer
Split brain, early onset in utero, seen but no signs
Card 53
Lissencephaly definition
Answer
Smooth brain, seizures in utero or due to genetic or environmental factors or both
Card 54
Failure of cells to migrate correctly leads to what condition?
Answer
Lissencephaly
Card 55
Baby can appear normal or be severely affected in what condition?
Answer
Lissencephaly
Card 56
Outcome is poor but some infants survive into early childhood in what condition?
Answer
Lissencephaly
Card 57
Neurologic assessment is based on what?
Answer
History, observation, physical examination including head size, muscle tone, reflex quality, cranial nerves function, lip smacking, subtle behaviors, tone alterations.
Card 58
Nursing care of patients on sedatives/paralytics
Answer
Look for movement, vital signs, pupillary response, growth and development