A mental category that groups similar objects, events, ideas or people is a concept.
Missing Word
concept
A concept is a mental category that organizes information, such as "dog" or "furniture." Concepts let the mind group new examples with similar ones and respond efficiently.
Category: Concepts and Schemata
Question 2
A mental framework that organizes related knowledge and lets a person make quick assumptions about a situation is a schema.
Missing Word
schema
A schema is an organized cluster of knowledge about a topic or situation. Activating a schema lets a person fill in details quickly, which is efficient but can produce errors.
Category: Concepts and Schemata
Question 3
The basic unit of sound in a language, such as the "ah" sound, is a phoneme.
Missing Word
phoneme
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language. Phonemes have no meaning on their own but combine to form meaningful units.
Category: Language
Question 4
All of the words of a language, taken together as its vocabulary, make up its lexicon.
Missing Word
lexicon
The lexicon is a language's full set of words. Grammar supplies the rules for combining those words to convey meaning.
Category: Language
Question 5
The part of grammar dealing with the order in which words are arranged into sentences is syntax.
Missing Word
syntax
Syntax is the set of rules for ordering words into sentences. It explains why "the dog chased the cat" differs in meaning from "the cat chased the dog."
Category: Language
Question 6
Semantics is the process of deriving meaning from morphemes and words.
Missing Word
Semantics
Semantics concerns meaning in language. Together with syntax, it makes up a language's grammar.
Category: Language
Question 7
During the first year of life, infants begin babbling, producing strings of repeated syllables such as "ba-ba-ba."
Missing Word
babbling
Babbling is the repetitive syllable production that comes before first words. It is a normal stage of language development seen in infants across cultures.
Category: Language
Question 8
In Gardner's theory, skill at recognizing and classifying plants, animals and other features of nature is naturalistic intelligence.
Missing Word
naturalistic
Naturalistic intelligence is the ability to notice and categorize things in the natural world. It is one of the intelligences in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Category: Intelligence and Creativity
Question 9
Robert Sternberg's theory dividing intelligence into practical, analytical and creative parts is called the triarchic theory.
Missing Word
triarchic
Triarchic means having three parts, and Sternberg's triarchic theory describes three distinct types of intelligence. It broadens intelligence beyond the academic skills most tests measure.
Category: Intelligence and Creativity
Question 10
Psychologist and writer Daniel Goleman popularized the idea of emotional intelligence.
Missing Word
Goleman
Daniel Goleman brought emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and those of others, to wide public attention. Researchers still debate how best to define and measure it.
Category: Intelligence and Creativity
Question 11
Thinking that narrows down to a single correct or well-established answer is convergent thinking.
Missing Word
convergent
Convergent thinking focuses on finding one best answer, as on a multiple choice test. It contrasts with divergent thinking, which generates many possible solutions.
Category: Intelligence and Creativity
Question 12
The WAIS for adults and the WISC for children are intelligence scales developed by psychologist David Wechsler.
Missing Word
Wechsler
David Wechsler created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Both remain among the most widely used intelligence tests.
Category: Intelligence Testing
Question 13
A test that is given, scored and interpreted in the same way for every test taker has undergone standardization.
Missing Word
standardization
Standardization means a test's administration, scoring and interpretation are consistent for everyone. Without it, differences in scores could reflect testing conditions rather than ability.
Category: Intelligence Testing
Question 14
Members of the eugenics movement misused intelligence test scores to justify the forced sterilization of people they labeled unfit.
Missing Word
eugenics
The eugenics movement aimed to control human reproduction based on supposed hereditary fitness. In the United States it used IQ scores to support forced sterilizations, upheld in the 1927 case Buck v. Bell.
Category: Intelligence Testing
Question 15
A learning disability marked by difficulty learning or understanding arithmetic is dyscalculia.
Missing Word
dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability affecting math. Like other learning disabilities, it is distinct from intellectual disability and often occurs in people of average or above-average intelligence.
Category: Sources of Intelligence