The Delaware prophet Neolin urged Native peoples to reject European goods and customs, inspiring the uprising of 1763.
Missing Word
Neolin
Neolin preached that Native peoples should return to their own ways and drive out Europeans. His message gave spiritual force to the coalition Pontiac led against British forts.
Category: Frontier After 1763
Question 2
Massachusetts lawyer James Otis became an early and leading voice for the principle of no taxation without representation.
Missing Word
Otis
James Otis argued that taxes imposed by a Parliament in which colonists had no elected members violated their rights. His arguments shaped the protests against Grenville's measures.
Category: Stamp Act Crisis
Question 3
In the Virginia House of Burgesses, Patrick Henry introduced fiery resolutions condemning the Stamp Act in 1765.
Missing Word
Henry
Patrick Henry's resolutions declared that Virginians could be taxed only by their own representatives. Some conservative members thought his language bordered on treason.
Category: Stamp Act Crisis
Question 4
Benjamin Franklin told Parliament in 1766 that colonists accepted its regulation of trade but rejected internal taxes such as the stamp tax.
Missing Word
Franklin
Benjamin Franklin, then in London as a colonial agent, testified against the Stamp Act. Charles Townshend later built his import duties on this distinction between trade regulation and internal taxation.
Category: Stamp Act Crisis
Question 5
Chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend designed the 1767 import duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.
Missing Word
Townshend
Charles Townshend expected duties on imports to provoke less resistance than the Stamp Act. The revenue was meant to pay royal governors and judges, freeing them from dependence on colonial assemblies.
Category: Townshend Acts
Question 6
Samuel Adams wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter of 1768, which urged other colonial assemblies to join in protesting taxation without representation.
Missing Word
Adams
Samuel Adams, a Boston organizer of resistance, drafted the letter for the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Britain's demand that it be withdrawn only drew more colonies to its side.
Category: Townshend Acts
Question 7
Lord Rockingham, who replaced George Grenville as prime minister in 1765, guided repeal of the Stamp Act through Parliament in 1766.
Missing Word
Rockingham
The Marquess of Rockingham led the British government from July 1765 to July 1766. Pressed by British merchants who were losing trade to the colonial boycotts, his ministry won repeal of the Stamp Act in March 1766 and paired it with the Declaratory Act, which asserted Parliament's authority over the colonies.
Category: Stamp Act Crisis
Question 8
In 1768 customs officials seized the Liberty, a ship owned by the wealthy Boston merchant John Hancock, sparking a riot.
Missing Word
Hancock
John Hancock was one of Boston's richest merchants and a supporter of the protest movement. The seizure of his ship led a crowd to attack customs officers, who fled to Castle William in the harbor.
Category: Colonial Boycotts
Question 9
Crispus Attucks, a man of African and Native American ancestry, was among those killed in the Boston Massacre.
Missing Word
Attucks
Crispus Attucks died when British soldiers fired on a crowd on March 5, 1770. He is often remembered as the first casualty of the struggle for American independence.
Category: Boston Massacre
Question 10
Boston silversmith Paul Revere produced the most famous engraving of the Boston Massacre.
Missing Word
Revere
Paul Revere, a member of the Sons of Liberty, based his engraving on a drawing by Henry Pelham. Its image of soldiers firing on a peaceful crowd made it powerful propaganda.
Category: Boston Massacre
Question 11
Colonial ideas about government's duty to protect life, liberty, and property drew heavily on the English philosopher John Locke.
Missing Word
Locke
John Locke's Two Treatises of Government argued that government exists to protect natural rights. Colonists used his ideas to judge whether Parliament was respecting their rights.
Category: Tea and Coercive Acts
Question 12
The Tea Act angered colonial merchants because it gave the East India Company a monopoly, the sole right to sell legal tea in the colonies.
Missing Word
monopoly
A monopoly is control of a market by a single seller. Colonial merchants lost business to the company, and colonists suspected that members of Parliament who held its stock had favored it.
Category: Tea and Coercive Acts
Question 13
As royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson insisted that the tea ships in Boston Harbor be allowed to unload their cargo.
Missing Word
Hutchinson
Thomas Hutchinson refused to let the tea ships leave without unloading. The standoff ended on December 16, 1773, when protesters dumped the tea into the harbor.
Category: Tea and Coercive Acts
Question 14
After the destruction of the tea in Boston, Prime Minister Lord North demanded that Massachusetts pay for the lost cargo.
Missing Word
North
Lord North led the British government from 1770. When Boston did not pay for the tea, his government passed the Coercive Acts of 1774, beginning with the Boston Port Act, which closed the harbor until the East India Company was repaid.
Category: Tea and Coercive Acts
Question 15
Colonists who stayed faithful to the Crown during the imperial crisis were known as Loyalists, though their opponents often called them Tories.
Missing Word
Loyalists
Loyalists were often property holders and established residents who feared that protest would lead to mob rule. They saw the growing resistance as a threat to order and property.
Category: First Continental Congress