Reagan's administration pursued deregulation, loosening federal rules on industries such as banking and savings and loan associations.
Missing Word
deregulation
Deregulation means removing or relaxing government rules on business. It began under Carter but expanded under Reagan, who also eased environmental enforcement and limits on drilling and logging on public lands.
Category: Reagan Economics
Question 2
Evangelical minister Jerry Falwell founded the Moral Majority, which mobilized religious conservatives behind Reagan in 1980.
Missing Word
Falwell
Jerry Falwell, a Virginia Baptist preacher, created the Moral Majority in 1979 to oppose legal abortion, feminism and gay rights. It became a key part of the New Right coalition that helped elect Reagan.
Category: Conservative Movement
Question 3
Conservative activist Phyllis Schlafly led the STOP ERA campaign, which helped defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.
Missing Word
Schlafly
Phyllis Schlafly argued that the ERA would strip women of protections such as exemption from the draft. Her grassroots campaign helped stall ratification until the amendment's deadline passed in 1982.
Category: Conservative Movement
Question 4
In Nicaragua, the Marxist-inspired Sandinistas overthrew dictator Anastasio Somoza in 1979, and Reagan later backed the Contra rebels against them.
Missing Word
Sandinistas
The Sandinistas, led by Daniel Ortega, took power in 1979. Reagan saw them as an opening for Cuban and Soviet influence and had the CIA arm the Contras to fight them, which led to the Iran-Contra affair.
Category: Reagan Foreign Policy
Question 5
In October 1983, U.S. forces invaded the Caribbean island of Grenada to oust a communist military government.
Missing Word
Grenada
Grenada is a small Caribbean island nation where Cuban troops and aid workers were present. The quick invasion, just days after the Beirut barracks bombing, was meant as a warning to Marxist movements in the region.
Category: Reagan Foreign Policy
Question 6
Gorbachev's program of economic restructuring, known by the Russian word perestroika, aimed to revive the struggling Soviet economy.
Missing Word
perestroika
Perestroika means restructuring and refers to Gorbachev's economic reforms. He paired it with glasnost, or openness, and the reforms helped unleash forces that brought down the Soviet system.
Category: End of the Cold War
Question 7
In December 1989, U.S. troops invaded Panama and deposed its dictator, Manuel Noriega, who was wanted on drug-trafficking charges.
Missing Word
Noriega
Manuel Noriega was Panama's military ruler and a former U.S. intelligence asset. The Bush administration's invasion removed him and brought him to the United States for trial, though the United Nations General Assembly condemned the invasion.
Category: Bush Presidency
Question 8
In August 1990, Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded its oil-rich neighbor Kuwait, setting off the Persian Gulf crisis.
Missing Word
Kuwait
Kuwait is a small, oil-rich state on the Persian Gulf. Bush built an international coalition, first to defend Saudi Arabia in Operation Desert Shield and then to drive Iraq out in Operation Desert Storm.
Category: Bush Presidency
Question 9
Texas billionaire H. Ross Perot won nearly a fifth of the popular vote as an independent candidate in the 1992 presidential election.
Missing Word
Perot
Ross Perot campaigned against the federal deficit and free trade. His share of the vote was the strongest by a candidate outside the two major parties since 1912, and Clinton won with a plurality.
Category: Clinton Era Politics
Question 10
Georgia congressman Newt Gingrich led House Republicans in drafting the 1994 Contract with America.
Missing Word
Gingrich
Newt Gingrich and Dick Armey wrote the Contract with America, a list of conservative reforms that nearly all House Republicans signed. After Republicans won the House in 1994, Gingrich became Speaker.
Category: Clinton Era Politics
Question 11
Independent counsel Kenneth Starr was first appointed to investigate the Whitewater affair, a failed Arkansas real estate venture involving the Clintons.
Missing Word
Whitewater
Whitewater was a land development deal the Clintons had invested in beginning in the late 1970s. Starr's inquiry won convictions of several of their associates but never found enough evidence to charge the Clintons, and it widened to the matter at the center of Clinton's impeachment.
Category: Clinton Era Politics
Question 12
The House impeached Clinton in December 1998 on charges of obstruction of justice and perjury, meaning lying under oath.
Missing Word
perjury
Perjury is the crime of knowingly lying under oath. The charge stemmed from Clinton's sworn denials about his relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, and the Senate acquitted him in 1999.
Category: Clinton Era Politics
Question 13
The 1995 agreement that ended the war in Bosnia was negotiated at an air base outside Dayton, Ohio, and is named for that city.
Missing Word
Dayton
The Dayton Accords followed NATO airstrikes against Bosnian Serb forces, which had carried out ethnic cleansing against Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The agreement was negotiated in Ohio and formally signed in Paris later in 1995.
Category: Clinton Foreign Policy
Question 14
In 1994, Hutu extremists in the central African nation of Rwanda carried out a genocide against the Tutsi minority while the United States stayed out.
Missing Word
Rwanda
Rwanda's genocide killed hundreds of thousands of people in about one hundred days. Coming soon after the deaths of U.S. soldiers in Somalia, it found Washington unwilling to intervene, and Clinton later apologized for not acting.
Category: Clinton Foreign Policy
Question 15
In 1999, NATO launched an air campaign against Serbian-led Yugoslavia to stop attacks on ethnic Albanians in the province of Kosovo.
Missing Word
Kosovo
Kosovo was a province of Yugoslavia with an ethnic Albanian majority. The NATO bombing went ahead without United Nations approval, and Yugoslav forces withdrew from the province in June 1999.
Category: Clinton Foreign Policy