Hundreds of thousands of young people gathered at the 1969 Woodstock music festival in upstate New York, which became a defining event of the counterculture.
Missing Word
Woodstock
Woodstock was a music festival held over a long weekend in August 1969 on a farm in Bethel, New York. It came to symbolize the youth culture of peace, music and rejection of mainstream values.
Category: Identity Movements
Question 2
In 1969, Native American activists calling themselves Indians of All Tribes began occupying the former federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.
Missing Word
Alcatraz
Alcatraz Island held a closed federal prison. The activists claimed the island for Native peoples and held it until 1971, drawing national attention to broken treaties and to the federal policies that had pushed Native Americans off their lands.
Category: Identity Movements
Question 3
In 1970 Nixon rejected the 1950s federal Indian policy known as termination, which sought to end tribes' special legal status and federal support.
Missing Word
termination
Termination had been the federal Indian policy of the 1950s, aimed at dissolving tribes as legal units and pushing Native people into cities. Nixon's reversal favored tribal self-determination.
Category: Identity Movements
Question 4
Vice President Hubert Humphrey won the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination but lost the general election to Richard Nixon.
Missing Word
Humphrey
Hubert Humphrey was tied to Johnson's war policy, which cost him antiwar votes, and the turmoil of the Chicago convention hurt his campaign. Nixon won with a promise of law and order.
Category: Nixon's Politics
Question 5
National security adviser Henry Kissinger negotiated the January 1973 agreement with North Vietnam's Le Duc Tho that ended direct American participation in the war.
Missing Word
Kissinger
Henry Kissinger was Nixon's chief foreign policy strategist, also central to the opening to China and detente with the Soviet Union. He later became secretary of state.
Category: Vietnam's End
Question 6
American forces in Vietnam dropped napalm, a jellied gasoline that clung to and burned whatever it touched, on enemy positions and villages.
Missing Word
napalm
Napalm became a symbol of the war's destructiveness, and images of burned civilians fueled the antiwar movement at home.
Category: Vietnam's End
Question 7
In 1971, the Navy veteran John Kerry testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on behalf of Vietnam Veterans Against the War.
Missing Word
Kerry
John Kerry told senators about abuses committed in the war and asked how soldiers could be asked to be the last to die for a mistake. He later served as a senator and secretary of state.
Category: Vietnam's End
Question 8
Nixon aides created a secret White House unit nicknamed the plumbers to stop leaks of information to the press.
Missing Word
plumbers
The plumbers got their nickname because their job was to plug leaks. Some of its members, including E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy, later planned the Watergate break-in.
Category: Watergate
Question 9
White House counsel John Dean told Senate investigators in 1973 that Nixon had taken part in the effort to hide the administration's ties to the break-in.
Missing Word
Dean
John Dean had helped manage the cover-up before he began cooperating with prosecutors. Nixon fired him in April 1973, and his televised testimony that June linked the president directly to the cover-up.
Category: Watergate
Question 10
In July 1973, the former aide Alexander Butterfield told Senate investigators that a hidden system recorded conversations in the Oval Office.
Missing Word
Butterfield
Alexander Butterfield's revelation meant there was a record of what Nixon knew, and the fight over the tapes became the center of the scandal.
Category: Watergate
Question 11
In July 1974, the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment charging Nixon with obstruction of justice and abuse of power.
Missing Word
impeachment
Impeachment is the formal charge by the House that can lead to a Senate trial and removal from office. Nixon resigned before the full House voted.
Category: Watergate
Question 12
Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned in 1973 and pleaded no contest to tax evasion tied to bribes he had taken as a Maryland official.
Missing Word
Agnew
Spiro Agnew's resignation was separate from Watergate. Nixon then appointed Gerald Ford as vice president under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment.
Category: Watergate
Question 13
In 1979, Jimmy Carter and the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed the SALT II arms treaty, which the Senate never ratified.
Missing Word
Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev led the Soviet Union through the era of detente. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Carter withdrew the treaty from Senate consideration.
Category: Ford and Carter
Question 14
Carter's July 1979 televised address on a national crisis of confidence became known as the malaise speech, although he never used that word in it.
Missing Word
malaise
Malaise means a vague sense of unease or decline. Amid energy shortages and inflation, Carter told Americans they had lost faith in the future, and critics argued the speech blamed the public for the nation's problems.
Category: Ford and Carter
Question 15
Former California governor Ronald Reagan narrowly lost the 1976 Republican presidential nomination to Gerald Ford.
Missing Word
Reagan
Ronald Reagan's strong challenge from the right showed the growing power of conservatives in the Republican Party. He won the presidency four years later, defeating Carter.
Category: Ford and Carter