In his 1946 Long Telegram from Moscow, the diplomat George Kennan urged the United States to contain Soviet expansion.
Missing Word
Kennan
George Kennan was an American diplomat at the embassy in Moscow. His analysis of Soviet behavior laid the foundation for the policy of containment.
Category: Origins of the Cold War
Question 2
Communist leader Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China in October 1949, after defeating the Nationalists in a civil war.
Missing Word
Mao
Mao Zedong led the Chinese Communists to victory, and Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists retreated to Taiwan. Many Americans asked who had lost China, which fed the Red Scare.
Category: Origins of the Cold War
Question 3
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin approved North Korea's invasion of South Korea in June 1950 and supplied its army with weapons.
Missing Word
Stalin
Stalin ruled the Soviet Union until his death in 1953. Truman saw the North Korean attack as a test of containment and sent American forces to defend the South.
Category: Korean War
Question 4
The practice of making reckless, unproven accusations of Communist disloyalty, named for a Wisconsin senator, came to be called McCarthyism.
Missing Word
McCarthyism
McCarthyism names the tactic of smearing opponents with unproven charges of Communist ties. The Wisconsin senator's claims ruined careers before the Senate censured him in 1954.
Category: Second Red Scare
Question 5
Congressman Richard Nixon gained national fame by pursuing Alger Hiss, a former State Department official accused of spying for the Soviets.
Missing Word
Hiss
Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury in 1950 for denying under oath that he had passed documents to a Soviet agent. The case made Nixon a leading anti-Communist and helped him become Eisenhower's running mate.
Category: Second Red Scare
Question 6
In his January 1949 State of the Union message, President Harry Truman labeled his domestic program the Fair Deal.
Missing Word
Truman
Truman's Fair Deal sought to extend the New Deal with proposals such as national health insurance and civil rights laws. A conservative Congress blocked most of it.
Category: Postwar America
Question 7
Playwright Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible, a 1953 drama set during the Salem witch trials that many audiences saw as a comment on the anti-Communist hunts of his own time.
Missing Word
Miller
Arthur Miller was a leading American playwright who likened the anti-Communist crusade to the witch hunts of colonial Massachusetts. In The Crucible, accusations spread through fear rather than evidence, a parallel many viewers drew to the Second Red Scare.
Category: Second Red Scare
Question 8
Rock and roll star Elvis Presley, who drew on African American musical styles, was shown only from the waist up during a 1957 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show.
Missing Word
Presley
Elvis Presley became a teen idol whose dancing alarmed many parents. Like other White performers, he brought sounds from Black music to a mass White audience.
Category: Popular Culture
Question 9
In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color line in modern major league baseball when he took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Missing Word
Robinson
Jackie Robinson had played in the Negro Leagues before joining the Dodgers. His success and the abuse he endured made him a symbol of the fight against segregation.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 10
NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court and later became the first African American justice on that Court.
Missing Word
Marshall
Thurgood Marshall led the NAACP's legal campaign against segregation. President Lyndon Johnson appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1967.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 11
Chief Justice Earl Warren led the Supreme Court to its unanimous 1954 ruling against segregated public schools.
Missing Word
Warren
Earl Warren, a former governor of California, was appointed chief justice by Eisenhower in 1953. The Warren Court went on to issue many landmark civil rights and civil liberties rulings.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 12
In 1955, fourteen-year-old Emmett Till of Chicago was murdered while visiting relatives in Mississippi, and his mother's open-casket funeral exposed the brutality of southern racism.
Missing Word
Till
Emmett Till was killed after a White woman accused him of flirting with her at a store. An all-White jury acquitted the two White men charged, who later admitted the killing, and the case galvanized the civil rights movement.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 13
NAACP member Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, in December 1955 for refusing to give up her bus seat to a White man.
Missing Word
Parks
Rosa Parks was a seamstress and experienced activist whose arrest sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. The Women's Political Council quickly organized Black riders to stay off the buses.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 14
A young Baptist minister, Martin Luther King Jr., emerged as the leader of the Montgomery bus boycott.
Missing Word
King
Martin Luther King Jr. was a twenty-six-year-old pastor when he became the boycott's spokesman. His nonviolent leadership made him the movement's best-known figure.
Category: Civil Rights Movement
Question 15
In 1957, Arkansas governor Orval Faubus used the state National Guard to block nine Black students from entering Central High School in Little Rock.
Missing Word
Faubus
Orval Faubus defied the federal courts to block integration and later closed Little Rock's public high schools rather than integrate them. Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce the court order.
Category: Civil Rights Movement