After the English Civil War, Charles I was executed in 1649, and England was governed for a time without a king.
Correct Answer
True
True. Parliament's forces defeated the Royalists, tried Charles I for treason and executed him. England then became a republic until the monarchy returned in 1660.
Category: English Politics
Question 2
Charles II's 1663 charter for Carolina went to a single proprietor.
Correct Answer
False
False. Charles II granted Carolina to eight loyal supporters who served as its proprietors. They hoped to profit from the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida but did not move there themselves.
Category: Restoration Colonies
Question 3
By the early 1700s, enslaved and free Black people made up a majority of South Carolina's population.
Correct Answer
True
True. Carolina's rice economy depended on enslaved Africans, and the colony had a Black majority by the early eighteenth century. Its slave laws, modeled on those of Barbados, treated Africans as property.
Category: Restoration Colonies
Question 4
Pennsylvania made the Quaker faith its official, tax-supported church.
Correct Answer
False
False. Pennsylvania established no official church and offered unusually broad religious tolerance for its time. This openness drew immigrants from across Europe.
Category: Restoration Colonies
Question 5
In the first half of the 1700s, the Iroquois Confederacy tried to stay neutral between the English and the French.
Correct Answer
True
True. The Iroquois kept their own government and traded with both empires, using neutrality to protect their power. During the French and Indian War, the Mohawk and some other Iroquois nations sided with Britain.
Category: Restoration Colonies
Question 6
Under the Navigation Acts, colonists could ship enumerated goods such as tobacco and sugar directly to any European port.
Correct Answer
False
False. Enumerated articles, including tobacco, sugar, rice and indigo, could be shipped only to England or other English colonies. The rule was meant to keep colonial wealth inside the empire.
Category: Trade and Mercantilism
Question 7
The Navigation Act of 1696 created vice-admiralty courts, where customs violators could be tried without a jury.
Correct Answer
True
True. In the same year the crown also replaced the Lords of Trade with the Board of Trade, and the act authorized writs of assistance to search ships for smuggled goods. Juryless courts made prosecuting smugglers easier.
Category: Trade and Mercantilism
Question 8
Jacob Leisler, who took control of New York in 1689, was rewarded by the crown with a permanent governorship.
Correct Answer
False
False. Leisler acted without the crown's authorization, so he was tried for treason and executed after England reclaimed the colony in 1691. His seizure of power was seen as usurping royal authority.
Category: Glorious Revolution
Question 9
The Toleration Act of 1689 extended religious freedom to many nonconformist Protestants while keeping the Church of England as the official church.
Correct Answer
True
True. Groups such as Baptists and Congregationalists gained toleration, but Catholics remained excluded from political power. Several colonies, including Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, went further by having no official church.
Category: Glorious Revolution
Question 10
The Stono Rebellion of 1739 was an uprising of enslaved people in Virginia.
Correct Answer
False
False. The Stono Rebellion took place in South Carolina, where a large group of enslaved Africans took up arms against White colonists. The militia crushed the revolt, and surviving rebels were executed or sold to the West Indies.
Category: Slavery and Society
Question 11
No newspapers were printed in the English colonies before 1680, but colonial newspapers spread during the eighteenth century.
Correct Answer
True
True. Newspapers, pamphlets and books multiplied in the 1700s and created a shared Atlantic culture of tastes and ideas. Publications such as Cato's Letters spread warnings that English liberty was always under threat.
Category: Slavery and Society
Question 12
During the eighteenth-century consumer revolution, colonists bought fewer English goods than before.
Correct Answer
False
False. Growing supplies of English goods led colonists of every rank to buy more, and tea became the drink of the empire. The gentry used fine goods to set themselves apart from ordinary settlers.
Category: Slavery and Society
Question 13
James Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1733 as a refuge for wealthy planters.
Correct Answer
False
False. Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a haven for the worthy poor. The colony also served as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.
Category: Wars for Empire
Question 14
The First Great Awakening stressed formal church doctrine over personal, emotional religious experience.
Correct Answer
False
False. The revival emphasized a personal, emotional experience of faith rather than formal teachings and detailed study of scripture. Revival preachers urged listeners to seek a direct, heartfelt conversion.
Category: Enlightenment and Awakening
Question 15
The Great Awakening split many congregations into New Lights, who supported the revivals, and Old Lights, who opposed them.
Correct Answer
True
True. New Lights embraced emotional preaching and conversion, while Old Lights defended traditional order and an educated ministry. These divisions weakened established churches and encouraged new denominations.
Category: Enlightenment and Awakening
Question 16
In King George's War, Britain captured the French fortress of Louisbourg and kept it under the 1748 peace treaty.
Correct Answer
False
False. British colonial forces captured Louisbourg in 1745, but the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 returned it to France. Like the earlier wars, this one ended without a decisive victory.
Category: Wars for Empire
Question 17
In 1754, George Washington surrendered Fort Necessity to French forces and their Native allies.
Correct Answer
True
True. Washington's men had built the fort hastily after clashing with French soldiers in western Pennsylvania. The defeat was an early British setback in the French and Indian War.
Category: Wars for Empire
Question 18
General Edward Braddock's expedition of 1755 captured the French post of Fort Duquesne.
Correct Answer
False
False. French and Native forces ambushed Braddock's army near the fort, killing hundreds, including Braddock himself. The British did not take the site until 1758.
Category: Wars for Empire
Question 19
Under the Treaty of Paris of 1763, France gave up Canada to Britain.
Correct Answer
True
True. The treaty ended the French and Indian War, and New France ceased to exist. Britain also gained French sugar islands in the West Indies, and Spain ceded Florida to Britain.
Category: Wars for Empire
Question 20
The French and Indian War left Britain deeply in debt.
Correct Answer
True
True. Britain spent heavily to win the war, and its efforts in the 1760s and 1770s to pay the debt through imperial reforms strained relations with the colonies. Those reforms set the stage for the Revolution.
Category: Wars for Empire