Shantytowns of the homeless that sprang up on the edges of American cities in the early 1930s were mockingly named Hoovervilles after the president.
Missing Word
Hoovervilles
Hoovervilles were makeshift settlements of shacks built from scrap materials. The name blamed the president for the hardship, as did terms like Hoover blankets and Hoover flags.
Category: Hoover's Response
Question 2
Easy credit in the late 1920s fueled a wave of speculation, the financial term for buying assets in hopes of quick profits from short-term price swings.
Missing Word
speculation
Speculation means buying in hopes of a fast gain rather than steady returns. Easy credit and margin buying let speculators push stock prices far above the real value of companies.
Category: Causes of the Crash
Question 3
In 1931, nine young Black men and boys falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama became known as the Scottsboro Boys.
Missing Word
Scottsboro
The Scottsboro Boys were convicted by all-white juries in a case that drew national and international outrage. The Supreme Court twice overturned convictions in the case.
Category: Life in the Depression
Question 4
The novel The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, followed the Joad family on its desperate journey west after losing its farm.
Missing Word
Steinbeck
John Steinbeck's 1939 novel made the plight of Dust Bowl migrants famous, and it was soon adapted into a film. The Joads stood in for thousands of displaced farm families.
Category: Dust Bowl and Farms
Question 5
Displaced farm families from the southern Plains who traveled west in search of work were often called Okies, after the state many of them had left.
Missing Word
Okies
Okies was a label, often used with contempt, for migrants from Oklahoma and neighboring Plains states. Many were driven off their land by drought, debt and foreclosure.
Category: Dust Bowl and Farms
Question 6
Director Frank Capra made films such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, in which an ordinary hero stands up to corrupt and powerful interests.
Missing Word
Capra
Frank Capra's films of the 1930s, including Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), celebrated everyday Americans and community values over greed. They reflected a shift away from the 1920s focus on individual material success.
Category: Life in the Depression
Question 7
The Clark Memorandum, released in 1930, rejected the earlier claim that the United States had a right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations.
Missing Word
Clark
Written by J. Reuben Clark in 1928 and published in 1930, the Clark Memorandum repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. It improved relations with Latin America and paved the way for the Good Neighbor policy.
Category: Hoover's Foreign Policy
Question 8
Charles Curtis, a member of the Kaw Nation, served as Hoover's vice president and reached higher elected office than any Native American before him.
Missing Word
Curtis
Charles Curtis was Hoover's running mate in 1928. As vice president he held the highest elected office any Native American had reached.
Category: Hoover's Record
Question 9
The Hoover-Stimson Doctrine declared that the United States would not recognize territory seized by force, a response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
Missing Word
Manchuria
Manchuria is a region of northeastern China that Japan overran in 1931. The doctrine refused to recognize the conquest but did not back that refusal with force.
Category: Hoover's Foreign Policy
Question 10
During World War I, Hoover won fame as a humanitarian by directing food relief for German-occupied Belgium.
Missing Word
Belgium
Hoover organized relief that fed millions of civilians in Belgium, and he later headed the U.S. Food Administration. That record made his reluctance to give direct aid at home all the more striking to critics.
Category: Hoover's Record
Question 11
Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, the governor of New York, defeated Hoover in a landslide in the presidential election of 1932.
Missing Word
Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt promised Americans action and a new approach to the crisis. His victory ended twelve years of Republican control of the White House.
Category: Hoover's Record
Question 12
Many Dust Bowl migrants traveled west to California, hoping to find work picking crops on its large commercial farms.
Missing Word
California
California's farm valleys drew hundreds of thousands of Plains migrants. Many found only low wages, crowded camps and hostility from local residents.
Category: Dust Bowl and Farms
Question 13
Herbert Hoover won the 1928 presidential election as the candidate of the Republican Party, which won every presidential election of the 1920s.
Missing Word
Republican
The Republican Party won every presidential election of the 1920s with Harding, Coolidge and Hoover. Its program of limited government and business-friendly policies shaped Hoover's response to the crisis.
Category: Hoover's Record
Question 14
The legal process by which a lender seizes a property after the owner fails to make mortgage payments is called foreclosure.
Missing Word
foreclosure
Foreclosure cost hundreds of thousands of American families their farms in the early 1930s. Protesting farmers tried to block foreclosure sales with tactics such as penny auctions.
Category: Dust Bowl and Farms
Question 15
Hoover declined to endorse the NAACP's campaign for a federal law against lynching, the mob killings used to terrorize Black Americans.
Missing Word
lynching
Lynching is murder by a mob acting outside the law, and in the South it was a tool of white supremacy. Hoover saw little need for major civil rights legislation and did not back a federal law against it.
Category: Hoover's Record