Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist, shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in the city of Sarajevo in June 1914.
Missing Word
Sarajevo
Sarajevo, in Bosnia, was where Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia, setting off the chain of declarations that began the war.
Category: Origins of the War
Question 2
In May 1915 a German U-boat sank the British passenger liner Lusitania, killing more than 100 Americans aboard.
Missing Word
Lusitania
The Lusitania was torpedoed off Ireland, and the deaths of civilians, including Americans, outraged the American public. Germany later limited its submarine attacks for a time.
Category: Road to War
Question 3
Jeannette Rankin of Montana, the first woman elected to Congress, voted against the declaration of war in 1917.
Missing Word
Rankin
Jeannette Rankin was a pacifist and suffragist who joined the minority opposing the war resolution. Decades later she also voted against war with Japan in 1941.
Category: Road to War
Question 4
In 1915, after a revolution ended in the killing of its president, Wilson sent U.S. Marines to occupy the Caribbean nation of Haiti.
Missing Word
Haiti
Haiti was occupied by American forces from 1915 to 1934, and the United States took control of its finances. The occupation showed Wilson intervening in Latin America despite his moralistic rhetoric.
Category: Wilson and Latin America
Question 5
Herbert Hoover, a future president, led the wartime Food Administration, which urged families to conserve food voluntarily.
Missing Word
Hoover
Herbert Hoover had won fame organizing food relief for Belgium before the United States entered the war. His agency relied on persuasion rather than mandatory rationing.
Category: Mobilizing for War
Question 6
Congress passed the Espionage Act in 1917, making it a crime to interfere with military recruitment or to aid the enemy.
Missing Word
Espionage
The Espionage Act of 1917 was used to prosecute antiwar speakers, including Eugene Debs and Charles Schenck. The Sedition Act of 1918 broadened it to cover disloyal speech.
Category: Controlling Dissent
Question 7
Samuel Gompers, head of the American Federation of Labor, backed the war effort and used wartime labor shortages to build union membership.
Missing Word
Gompers
Samuel Gompers supported the no-strike pledge in exchange for government recognition of workers' right to organize. Union membership rose substantially between 1916 and 1919.
Category: Labor and Women
Question 8
Congress passed the Volstead Act to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment's ban on intoxicating liquor.
Missing Word
Volstead
The Volstead Act defined intoxicating liquor and set penalties for making and selling it, while allowing exceptions such as religious use. Wartime grain conservation and anti-German feeling toward brewers had helped Prohibition pass.
Category: Prohibition and Suffrage
Question 9
In August 1920, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment, adding it to the Constitution.
Missing Word
Tennessee
Tennessee's legislature approved the amendment after young legislator Harry Burn switched his vote, which proved decisive. Its ratification met the three-fourths requirement, and women voted nationwide that November.
Category: Prohibition and Suffrage
Question 10
In July 1918, American and French troops helped turn back Germany's last major offensive at the Second Battle of the Marne.
Missing Word
Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne, fought east of Paris, stopped the final German drive of the war. Afterward the Allies took the offensive and kept it until the armistice.
Category: Fighting in France
Question 11
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, demanded reservations to the Treaty of Versailles.
Missing Word
Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge, a Massachusetts Republican, offered reservations meant to protect American sovereignty, especially regarding Article X. Wilson refused to accept them, and the treaty failed.
Category: Making the Peace
Question 12
French premier Georges Clemenceau, whose country had suffered heavy wartime destruction, pressed at the Paris Peace Conference for harsh terms that would keep Germany weak.
Missing Word
Clemenceau
Georges Clemenceau led France at the Paris Peace Conference and pushed hardest for heavy reparations, limits on the German military and security for France's border; British leader David Lloyd George also sought reparations. His demands clashed with Wilson's hopes for a more lenient peace built around the League of Nations.
Category: Making the Peace
Question 13
In July 1919, a week of rioting erupted in Chicago after a Black teenager drowned when a white man threw rocks at him for drifting toward a whites-only beach on Lake Michigan.
Missing Word
Chicago
The Chicago riot of 1919 left dozens dead and hundreds injured, and it was among the worst outbreaks of the Red Summer. Competition for jobs and housing during the Great Migration had raised tensions in the city.
Category: Postwar Turmoil
Question 14
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, whose Washington home was damaged by a bomb in June 1919, directed raids that arrested thousands of suspected radicals.
Missing Word
Palmer
Attorney General Palmer led the Justice Department's crackdown during the Red Scare, and many of those arrested were immigrants held without proper legal process. Hundreds were deported.
Category: Postwar Turmoil
Question 15
In 1921, white mobs burned the prosperous Black neighborhood of Greenwood in the Oklahoma city of Tulsa, killing many residents.
Missing Word
Tulsa
Tulsa was the site of a massacre in which white mobs destroyed the Greenwood district, sometimes called Black Wall Street. For decades the event was left out of most history textbooks.
Category: Postwar Turmoil