Under the Black Codes, a freed person without a labor contract could be arrested for vagrancy, the offense of having no work or fixed home.
Missing Word
vagrancy
Vagrancy laws let Southern authorities arrest unemployed freed people and hire them out as forced laborers. They were a central tool of the Black Codes for controlling Black labor.
Category: Congress Takes Charge
Question 2
White Southerners mocked Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction as carpetbaggers, after the cheap luggage some carried.
Missing Word
carpetbaggers
The term carpetbagger cast Northern newcomers as opportunists, though many were teachers, missionaries, businesspeople and Union veterans who supported Reconstruction governments.
Category: Black Political Power
Question 3
Former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest is generally identified as the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.
Missing Word
Forrest
The Klan was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 by a small group of Confederate veterans, and Forrest, a Confederate cavalry commander, is widely identified as its first grand wizard. The Klan used terror to restore white supremacy in the South.
Category: Collapse of Reconstruction
Question 4
Democrat Samuel Tilden won the popular vote in 1876 but lost the presidency after a commission awarded the disputed electoral votes to his opponent.
Missing Word
Tilden
Samuel Tilden, the reform governor of New York, carried the popular vote, but the electoral commission gave all the contested votes to Rutherford B. Hayes, leading to the Compromise of 1877.
Category: Collapse of Reconstruction
Question 5
In 1869 the territory of Wyoming granted women the right to vote, decades before the Nineteenth Amendment.
Missing Word
Wyoming
Wyoming Territory gave women the vote in 1869 while the Fifteenth Amendment left women out, a split that divided the suffrage movement.
Category: Women's Suffrage
Question 6
On the night Lincoln was shot, a conspirator also stabbed Secretary of State William Seward, who survived.
Missing Word
Seward
Booth's plot aimed to kill several top Union leaders. Seward survived his wounds and later, as secretary of state, arranged the purchase of Alaska in 1867.
Category: Lincoln's Assassination
Question 7
In 1862, Congress required federal officeholders to swear they had never voluntarily supported the rebellion, a pledge so unbending it was nicknamed the Ironclad Oath.
Missing Word
1862
The Ironclad Oath required a pledge of past loyalty, not just future allegiance, so few white Southerners could truthfully take it. Radical Republicans built a similar test into the Wade-Davis Bill, barring anyone who had held Confederate office or voluntarily borne arms against the Union from voting for a new state convention.
Category: Presidential Reconstruction
Question 8
Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner, who had been beaten on the Senate floor in 1856, was a leading Radical Republican during Reconstruction.
Missing Word
Sumner
Charles Sumner, along with Thaddeus Stevens in the House, pressed for full civil and political rights for freed people. Preston Brooks had caned him in 1856 after an antislavery speech.
Category: Radical Reconstruction
Question 9
Congress passed the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871, including the Ku Klux Klan Act, to protect Black voters from violence.
Missing Word
Enforcement
The Enforcement Acts made it a federal crime to interfere with voting rights and let the president use troops against groups like the Klan. Federal prosecutions weakened the Klan in the early 1870s.
Category: Collapse of Reconstruction
Question 10
In 1872 the breakaway Liberal Republicans, joined by Democrats, nominated newspaper editor Horace Greeley for president.
Missing Word
Greeley
Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, ran against Grant on a platform of reform and reconciliation with the South, and lost badly.
Category: Grant Era
Question 11
Frederick Douglass backed the Fifteenth Amendment, arguing that the vote for Black men could not wait, a stand that split him from some suffrage allies.
Missing Word
Douglass
Douglass, the formerly enslaved abolitionist, supported women's suffrage but believed Black men's voting rights were too urgent to delay. Some women's rights leaders opposed the amendment because it left women out.
Category: Women's Suffrage
Question 12
Susan B. Anthony helped found the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 to press for women's voting rights.
Missing Word
Anthony
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the association after the Fifteenth Amendment left women out. Anthony was later arrested for voting in the 1872 election.
Category: Women's Suffrage
Question 13
The holiday called Juneteenth marks June 19, 1865, when a Union general announced in Galveston that all enslaved people in Texas were free.
Missing Word
Juneteenth
Juneteenth began as a celebration among freed people in Texas and became the best-known annual commemoration of the end of slavery. It became a federal holiday in 2021.
Category: End of Slavery
Question 14
Grant defeated Democrat Horatio Seymour in the presidential election of 1868.
Missing Word
Seymour
Horatio Seymour, a former governor of New York, lost to Grant as Republicans waved the bloody shirt. Votes from newly enfranchised Black men in the South helped Grant win.
Category: Radical Reconstruction
Question 15
Johnson's removal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate approval led the House to impeach him in 1868.
Missing Word
Stanton
Stanton, a Lincoln holdover who sided with the Radicals, was protected by the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson's attempt to fire him gave the House its grounds for impeachment.
Category: Radical Reconstruction