Union general Benjamin Butler classified enslaved people who escaped to his lines as contraband, enemy property that could be seized in wartime.
Missing Word
contraband
Contraband means enemy property subject to seizure in war. By using the term, Butler refused to return people who escaped slavery, and Congress built on the idea in the Confiscation Acts.
Category: Emancipation
Question 2
South Carolina's December 1860 ordinance of secession declared that the state had left the Union.
Missing Word
secession
Secession is a state's formal withdrawal from the Union. Southern leaders claimed it as a state right, while Lincoln held that the Union was perpetual and secession illegal.
Category: Secession Crisis
Question 3
Delegates from the seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama, in February 1861 to draft a constitution for the Confederacy.
Missing Word
Montgomery
Montgomery, Alabama, was the Confederacy's first capital, where its constitution was written and Jefferson Davis was chosen as provisional president.
Category: The Confederacy
Question 4
After Virginia seceded, the Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond, a short distance south of Washington, DC.
Missing Word
Richmond
Richmond, Virginia, served as the Confederate capital for most of the war. Its closeness to Washington made the region between them a main battleground.
Category: The Confederacy
Question 5
In April 1861 Lincoln ordered a naval blockade of Southern ports to cut off the Confederacy's trade with Europe.
Missing Word
blockade
A blockade uses warships to stop ships from entering or leaving enemy ports. Over time the Union blockade choked off Southern exports of cotton and imports of manufactured goods.
Category: Strengths and Weaknesses
Question 6
Republicans scornfully called Northern Democrats who opposed the war Copperheads, after a poisonous snake.
Missing Word
Copperheads
Copperheads, or Peace Democrats, wanted a negotiated end to the war and opposed emancipation and the draft. Their opposition grew when the war went badly for the Union.
Category: Wartime Politics
Question 7
The Morrill Act of 1862 granted federal land to the states to fund colleges teaching agriculture and the mechanical arts.
Missing Word
Morrill
Named for Vermont congressman Justin Morrill, this land-grant law gave each state public land to sell to support colleges, the origin of many state universities.
Category: Wartime Legislation
Question 8
The war began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery bombarded Fort Sumter, a federal post in the harbor of Charleston.
Missing Word
Sumter
Fort Sumter's small Union garrison was running out of food when Lincoln sent supplies, and the Confederates fired first. After its surrender, Lincoln called on the states for troops to put down the rebellion.
Category: Secession Crisis
Question 9
Sherman's March to the Sea ended in December 1864 with the capture of Savannah, which he offered to Lincoln as a Christmas gift.
Missing Word
Savannah
Savannah, Georgia, fell on December 21, 1864, after Sherman's army cut a path of destruction from Atlanta to the coast. Sherman then turned north into the Carolinas.
Category: Union Victory
Question 10
Union admiral David Farragut led the fleet that captured New Orleans, the South's largest city, in April 1862.
Missing Word
Farragut
Farragut's ships ran past the forts guarding the lower Mississippi and took New Orleans, a major blow to the Confederacy and a step toward Union control of the river.
Category: Western Theater
Question 11
Confederate general Thomas Jackson earned the nickname Stonewall for holding his line firm at the First Battle of Bull Run.
Missing Word
Stonewall
Stonewall Jackson became one of Lee's most trusted commanders, known for fast marches in the Shenandoah Valley. He was mortally wounded, accidentally by his own men, at Chancellorsville in 1863.
Category: Early Battles
Question 12
In the North, women volunteered with the United States Sanitary Commission, a relief agency that inspected army camps to improve cleanliness and reduce deaths from disease.
Missing Word
Sanitary
The United States Sanitary Commission, formed in June 1861, was a civilian relief agency that relied heavily on women volunteers. It inspected camps, raised money for medical supplies and helped care for the wounded, because disease killed more soldiers than combat did.
Category: Wartime Society
Question 13
General George Meade commanded the Union army that turned back Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in July 1863.
Missing Word
Meade
Meade took command of the Army of the Potomac only days before the Battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln was frustrated that Meade did not pursue and destroy Lee's retreating army.
Category: Turning Points 1863
Question 14
The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 supported building the first transcontinental railroad, by chartering the Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies.
Missing Word
transcontinental
A transcontinental railroad crosses a continent. The 1862 law gave the two companies land and loans, and their lines met in Utah in 1869.
Category: Wartime Legislation
Question 15
Grant's 1864 campaign against Lee opened with the Battle of the Wilderness, fought in thick Virginia woods in early May.
Missing Word
Wilderness
The Wilderness was a dense forest where heavy fighting halted the Union advance. Unlike earlier Union commanders, Grant did not retreat but kept moving south toward Spotsylvania.
Category: Union Victory