Margaret Fuller, a leading transcendentalist, argued for women's equality in her 1845 book Woman in the Nineteenth Century.
Missing Word
Fuller
Margaret Fuller, a friend of Emerson and Thoreau, edited the transcendentalist journal The Dial and became one of the era's strongest voices for women's intellectual and social equality.
Category: Transcendentalism
Question 2
In his 1836 essay Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson argued that true spirituality could be found in the natural world.
Missing Word
Emerson
Emerson, a former Unitarian minister, became the leading voice of the transcendentalists, and his essays on nature and self-reliance shaped the movement.
Category: Transcendentalism
Question 3
In the essay Civil Disobedience, Henry David Thoreau argued that individuals must refuse to support a government that acts unjustly.
Missing Word
Thoreau
Thoreau wrote the essay in protest against the Mexican-American War and slavery, and it later influenced nonviolent resistance movements.
Category: Transcendentalism
Question 4
Walt Whitman's 1855 poetry collection Leaves of Grass celebrated individual experience and the bond among all people.
Missing Word
Whitman
Whitman's poems, including Song of Myself, shocked many readers at first but became among the most influential works in American poetry.
Category: Transcendentalism
Question 5
Charles Grandison Finney, a Presbyterian minister who had trained in law, became one of the best-known revival preachers of the era.
Missing Word
Finney
Finney held revivals across western New York and won his greatest following in Rochester, where the new middle class embraced his message that people could choose salvation.
Category: Second Great Awakening
Question 6
German Pietist George Rapp led a religious society that formally organized in Pennsylvania in 1805, held all goods in common, later adopted celibacy, and built the town of Harmony.
Missing Word
Rapp
Rapp's followers, called Rappites, began requiring celibacy in 1807, later moved to Indiana, sold that settlement to Robert Owen in 1825, and returned to Pennsylvania to build the town of Economy.
Category: Utopian Communities
Question 7
John Humphrey Noyes and his followers practiced complex marriage at the Oneida Community in New York.
Missing Word
Oneida
Noyes taught that perfected believers could live free of sin, and his community at Oneida lasted from 1848 until 1881.
Category: Utopian Communities
Question 8
After violent conflict in Missouri, the Latter-day Saints built the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, along the Mississippi River.
Missing Word
Nauvoo
Nauvoo was the main Latter-day Saint settlement after the move from Missouri, and conflict with neighbors there led to Joseph Smith's murder in 1844.
Category: Utopian Communities
Question 9
After the murder of the church's founder, Brigham Young led the Latter-day Saints west to the Great Salt Lake valley, then part of Mexico.
Missing Word
Young
Brigham Young guided the migration that settled what became Salt Lake City, Utah, where the church could practice its faith far from its persecutors.
Category: Utopian Communities
Question 10
Presbyterian minister Lyman Beecher delivered sermons in 1825 urging total abstinence from hard liquor.
Missing Word
Beecher
Lyman Beecher's sermons on the evils of intemperance helped move the temperance movement from moderation toward abstinence.
Category: Temperance and Health
Question 11
William Lloyd Garrison began publishing the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in Boston in 1831.
Missing Word
Garrison
Garrison used The Liberator to demand an immediate end to slavery, and in 1833 he helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society.
Category: Abolitionism
Question 12
With support from the American Colonization Society, the colony of Liberia was founded on the west coast of Africa as a home for free Black Americans.
Missing Word
Liberia
Liberia's capital, Monrovia, was named for President James Monroe; abolitionists condemned colonization as a racist effort to remove free Black people from the country.
Category: Abolitionism
Question 13
In 1831, Nat Turner led one of the largest uprisings of enslaved people in American history in Southampton County, Virginia.
Missing Word
Turner
Nat Turner, an enslaved preacher, saw a solar eclipse as a sign to begin; the revolt was crushed, Turner was hanged, and Virginia and other slave states recommitted themselves to slavery while blaming Northern abolitionists for stirring unrest.
Category: Abolitionism
Question 14
Frederick Douglass escaped slavery in Maryland in 1838 and later wrote a Narrative of his life that named the men who had brutalized him.
Missing Word
Douglass
Douglass's 1845 autobiography made him a leading abolitionist, though its details forced him to leave the country for a time to avoid capture.
Category: Abolitionism
Question 15
Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped organize the 1848 women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, New York.
Missing Word
Stanton
Stanton and Lucretia Mott had resolved to hold such a convention after meeting at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840.
Category: Women's Rights