Testosterone therapy can worsen urinary symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Correct Answer
True
True. Androgens stimulate prostate tissue, so testosterone can worsen the signs and symptoms of BPH, and these men are monitored closely.
Category: Androgens
Question 2
Hormonal contraceptives such as the implant protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Correct Answer
False
False. Hormonal methods prevent pregnancy but give no protection against sexually transmitted infections; condoms are needed for that.
Category: Hormonal Contraceptives
Question 3
Progestin-only pills must be taken at about the same time every day for reliable protection.
Correct Answer
True
True. Traditional progestin-only pills such as norethindrone and norgestrel have a narrow dosing window, so a late dose reduces their effect and requires backup contraception for a time.
Category: Hormonal Contraceptives
Question 4
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception requires a prescription in the United States.
Correct Answer
False
False. Levonorgestrel emergency contraception is sold over the counter without a prescription, while ulipristal requires one.
Category: Hormonal Contraceptives
Question 5
Raloxifene can cause hot flashes and does not relieve menopausal vasomotor symptoms.
Correct Answer
True
True. Raloxifene blocks estrogen effects in some tissues, so hot flashes are a common adverse effect, and it is not used to treat menopausal symptoms.
Category: Bone and SERM Drugs
Question 6
Raloxifene increases the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Correct Answer
False
False. Raloxifene acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and is approved to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or at high risk.
Category: Bone and SERM Drugs
Question 7
Toremifene can prolong the QT interval.
Correct Answer
True
True. Toremifene carries a boxed warning for QT prolongation, so it is avoided with other QT-prolonging drugs and in patients with long QT, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia.
Category: Bone and SERM Drugs
Question 8
Gonadotropins such as follitropin are taken as oral tablets.
Correct Answer
False
False. Gonadotropins such as follitropin, menotropins and human chorionic gonadotropin are proteins and are given by injection; clomiphene is the oral ovulation-inducing drug.
Category: Fertility Drugs
Question 9
Fertility drugs that stimulate ovulation raise the chance of a multiple pregnancy.
Correct Answer
True
True. Stimulating more than one follicle to mature can lead to twins or higher-order multiples, so patients are counseled about this before treatment.
Category: Fertility Drugs
Question 10
Toremifene is used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Correct Answer
False
False. Toremifene is an estrogen receptor modulator used to treat estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer; raloxifene is the one used for osteoporosis.
Category: Bone and SERM Drugs
Question 11
Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Correct Answer
True
True. Oxytocin contracts the cells around the milk ducts to cause the let-down reflex, in addition to its effect on uterine smooth muscle.
Category: Uterine Motility Drugs
Question 12
Clomiphene should be continued once pregnancy is confirmed.
Correct Answer
False
False. Clomiphene is contraindicated in pregnancy, so pregnancy is ruled out before each treatment cycle and the drug is not continued once pregnancy occurs.
Category: Fertility Drugs
Question 13
Testosterone may lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, so their antidiabetic doses may need adjustment.
Correct Answer
True
True. Androgens can improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, so glucose is monitored and antidiabetic doses may need to be reduced.
Category: Androgens
Question 14
Testosterone decreases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Correct Answer
False
False. Androgens can increase sensitivity to oral anticoagulants, so the INR is monitored more closely when testosterone is started or stopped.
Category: Androgens
Question 15
Anabolic steroid misuse can cause testicular atrophy and reduced sperm production.
Correct Answer
True
True. High doses of anabolic steroids suppress pituitary gonadotropins, which shrinks the testes and reduces sperm production.
Category: Androgens
Question 16
PDE5 inhibitors produce an erection without sexual stimulation.
Correct Answer
False
False. PDE5 inhibitors enhance the natural response to sexual stimulation by preventing the breakdown of cGMP; without stimulation they do not cause an erection.
Category: Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Question 17
A sudden decrease or loss of hearing is a reported adverse effect of PDE5 inhibitors that should be reported promptly.
Correct Answer
True
True. Labeling for PDE5 inhibitors warns of sudden hearing loss, sometimes with tinnitus and dizziness, and patients stop the drug and seek care if it occurs.
Category: Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Question 18
Ritonavir lowers blood levels of sildenafil.
Correct Answer
False
False. Ritonavir strongly inhibits CYP3A4, the enzyme that metabolizes sildenafil, so sildenafil levels rise sharply and the risk of hypotension and other adverse effects increases. Labeling limits or avoids sildenafil in patients taking ritonavir.
Category: Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Question 19
Patients should be well hydrated before an IV zoledronic acid infusion to help protect the kidneys.
Correct Answer
True
True. Zoledronic acid can harm the kidneys, so labeling calls for adequate hydration before the infusion and checking kidney function before each dose.
Category: Bone and SERM Drugs
Question 20
Mifepristone works by stimulating progesterone receptors to support the uterine lining.
Correct Answer
False
False. Mifepristone blocks progesterone receptors, so the uterine lining cannot be maintained, and misoprostol then causes uterine contractions.
Category: Uterine Motility Drugs