Glucagon is contraindicated in a client with pheochromocytoma, because it can trigger catecholamine release from the tumor.
Correct Answer
True
True. Glucagon can stimulate a pheochromocytoma to release catecholamines, which can cause a sharp and dangerous rise in blood pressure, so this tumor is a contraindication to glucagon.
Category: Glucagon
Question 2
When regular and NPH insulin are mixed in one syringe, the regular insulin is drawn up first.
Correct Answer
True
True. Drawing the clear regular insulin first keeps the regular vial from being contaminated with NPH, which would change how quickly the regular insulin acts.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 3
Insulin glargine may be mixed in the same syringe with a rapid-acting insulin.
Correct Answer
False
False. Insulin glargine must not be mixed with any other insulin, because mixing changes its absorption and duration; it is given as a separate injection.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 4
Injecting insulin into a limb that will be exercised soon afterward can speed absorption and raise the risk of hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer
True
True. Working muscles increase blood flow to the area and speed insulin absorption, so a client who plans to run may choose the abdomen rather than the thigh.
Category: Injection Teaching
Question 5
The risk of hypoglycemia is lowest when an insulin is at its peak action.
Correct Answer
False
False. The risk of hypoglycemia is greatest at an insulin's peak, so clients plan meals and snacks around the peak times of the insulins they use.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 6
Hypoglycemia can cause confusion, slurred speech and unsteady walking that may be mistaken for intoxication.
Correct Answer
True
True. The brain depends on a steady glucose supply, so low glucose impairs thinking, speech and coordination; checking glucose in any confused client with diabetes prevents a dangerous delay in treatment.
Category: Hypoglycemia and Sick Days
Question 7
Metformin commonly causes weight gain.
Correct Answer
False
False. Metformin is weight neutral or causes modest weight loss, unlike insulin, sulfonylureas and pioglitazone, which tend to cause weight gain.
Category: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Question 8
Weight gain is a common adverse effect of insulin therapy.
Correct Answer
True
True. Insulin promotes storage of glucose and fat, so weight gain is common; diet and activity plans are part of insulin teaching.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 9
GLP-1 receptor agonists speed gastric emptying, which helps oral drugs taken at the same time absorb faster.
Correct Answer
False
False. GLP-1 receptor agonists slow gastric emptying, which adds to fullness and nausea and can delay absorption of oral drugs taken at the same time.
Category: Non-Insulin Injectables
Question 10
Night sweats, nightmares and a morning headache can be signs of hypoglycemia during sleep.
Correct Answer
True
True. Low glucose during sleep often goes unnoticed, and these clues suggest the client should check glucose overnight and review evening insulin and snacks with the provider.
Category: Hypoglycemia and Sick Days
Question 11
Pramlintide may be mixed in the same syringe with insulin to reduce the number of injections.
Correct Answer
False
False. Pramlintide must not be mixed with insulin; it is injected separately, at a different site, before major meals.
Category: Non-Insulin Injectables
Question 12
Clients with kidney impairment who take insulin have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than clients with normal kidney function.
Correct Answer
False
False. The kidneys help clear insulin, so clients with kidney impairment are at increased risk of hypoglycemia and need closer glucose monitoring and more frequent dose adjustment.
Category: Hypoglycemia and Sick Days
Question 13
Pioglitazone reaches its full glucose-lowering effect within a few hours of the first dose.
Correct Answer
False
False. Pioglitazone works by changing gene activity to reduce insulin resistance, so its full effect develops slowly over several weeks.
Category: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Question 14
Hypoglycemia caused by a sulfonylurea can be prolonged, so blood glucose is rechecked repeatedly after it is treated.
Correct Answer
True
True. Sulfonylureas keep stimulating insulin release for hours, so glucose can fall again after the first treatment, especially in older adults or with kidney impairment.
Category: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Question 15
Insulin is available as an oral tablet because digestive enzymes do not affect it.
Correct Answer
False
False. Insulin is a protein that digestive enzymes break down, so it is not given as a swallowed tablet; it is injected, infused by pump or IV, or, for one product, inhaled.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 16
Acarbose used alone does not usually cause hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer
True
True. Acarbose slows carbohydrate digestion and does not increase insulin secretion, so it seldom causes low glucose by itself; the risk rises when it is combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea.
Category: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Question 17
Premixed insulin lets the client adjust the short-acting and intermediate-acting parts separately.
Correct Answer
False
False. Premixed insulin contains a fixed ratio of the two insulins, so one part cannot be changed without changing the other; this is its main limitation.
Category: Insulin Types
Question 18
GLP-1 receptor agonists such as dulaglutide are approved for type 2 diabetes but not for type 1 diabetes.
Correct Answer
True
True. GLP-1 receptor agonists work mainly by boosting the body's own glucose-dependent insulin release, and among diabetes indications they are approved only for type 2; some are also approved for weight management.
Category: Non-Insulin Injectables
Question 19
Drinking alcohol raises blood glucose in clients taking insulin, so hypoglycemia is unlikely after drinking.
Correct Answer
False
False. Alcohol blocks the liver's release of new glucose and can cause hypoglycemia, sometimes many hours later, in clients taking insulin or sulfonylureas; drinking with food and checking glucose are taught.
Category: Hypoglycemia and Sick Days
Question 20
DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin can cause severe joint pain, which the client reports to the provider.
Correct Answer
True
True. Severe and disabling joint pain has been reported with DPP-4 inhibitors, sometimes long after the drug was started, so the provider considers the drug as a cause and may stop it.
Category: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs