Liothyronine is the synthetic form of triiodothyronine, the more active thyroid hormone, and it can be given intravenously for myxedema coma.
Missing Word
Liothyronine
Liothyronine is synthetic T3. It acts faster and is shorter acting than levothyroxine, and its name is easily confused with levothyroxine.
Category: Thyroid Replacement
Question 2
To protect the teeth from staining, a client taking a strong iodine solution dilutes it in juice and drinks it through a straw.
Missing Word
straw
A straw carries the diluted iodine past the teeth and limits staining; diluting it in juice or milk also masks the bitter taste.
Category: Antithyroid Drugs
Question 3
Calcitriol is used with calcium to treat hypoparathyroidism, a disorder in which the glands make too little PTH and serum calcium runs low.
Missing Word
hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone that causes hypocalcemia. Calcitriol is already the active form of vitamin D, so it raises calcium absorption from the gut even though PTH is not available to drive vitamin D activation in the kidney.
Category: Calcium and Vitamin D
Question 4
Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic, a drug that makes the calcium-sensing receptor on parathyroid cells more responsive so less parathyroid hormone is released.
Missing Word
calcimimetic
A calcimimetic imitates the effect of calcium on its receptor. The parathyroid glands sense more calcium than is present, cut hormone release, and serum calcium falls.
Category: Parathyroid Drugs
Question 5
The goal of thyroid replacement is to keep the client euthyroid, meaning thyroid hormone levels and function are in the normal range.
Missing Word
euthyroid
Euthyroid describes normal thyroid function. Replacement doses are adjusted until thyroid tests and symptoms show neither too little nor too much hormone.
Category: Thyroid Replacement
Question 6
Intravenous calcium gluconate is indicated for acute, symptomatic hypocalcemia, a low serum calcium level.
Missing Word
hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia is a low serum calcium level. Calcium gluconate raises ionized calcium quickly, so it is given intravenously for acute symptoms while the heart rhythm and the IV site are monitored.
Category: Calcium and Vitamin D
Question 7
The form of vitamin D that human skin makes when exposed to sunlight is cholecalciferol.
Missing Word
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol, vitamin D3, is made in skin and found in some foods and supplements. It must be activated in the liver and kidney before it can raise calcium absorption.
Category: Calcium and Vitamin D
Question 8
Methimazole may be given to bring thyroid hormone levels to normal before a thyroidectomy, the surgical removal of all or part of the gland.
Missing Word
thyroidectomy
A thyroidectomy is surgery to remove thyroid tissue. Making the client euthyroid first lowers the risk of thyroid storm during and after surgery.
Category: Antithyroid Drugs
Question 9
Because radioactive iodine destroys overactive thyroid tissue, many clients develop hypothyroidism afterward and need lifelong hormone replacement.
Missing Word
hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is too little thyroid hormone. After ablation the remaining tissue often cannot make enough hormone, so thyroid levels are followed and replacement is started when needed.
Category: Antithyroid Drugs
Question 10
In clients on dialysis, cinacalcet treats secondary hyperparathyroidism, in which the glands overproduce PTH in response to chronic kidney disease.
Missing Word
hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism is overproduction of parathyroid hormone. In chronic kidney disease, low calcium, high phosphate and low active vitamin D drive the glands to oversecrete PTH, and cinacalcet lowers that secretion by making the calcium-sensing receptor more responsive.
Category: Parathyroid Drugs
Question 11
Propylthiouracil carries a boxed warning for severe hepatotoxicity, so the client reports dark urine, yellowing of the skin or pain in the right upper abdomen.
Missing Word
hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity is drug-induced liver damage. Propylthiouracil can cause severe liver injury, including liver failure, which is why methimazole is preferred for most clients outside early pregnancy and why signs of liver injury are reported right away.
Category: Antithyroid Drugs
Question 12
Calcium acetate is taken with meals as a phosphate binder to treat hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.
Missing Word
hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia is a high serum phosphate level. Calcium acetate binds dietary phosphate in the gut so it is excreted in the stool instead of absorbed.
Category: Calcium and Vitamin D
Question 13
The form of vitamin D that is derived from plants and fungi is ergocalciferol.
Missing Word
ergocalciferol
Ergocalciferol, vitamin D2, is made by irradiating a plant and fungal sterol. It is used for vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism and is activated in the liver and kidney.
Category: Calcium and Vitamin D
Question 14
Clients taking antithyroid drugs check with the provider before using iodized salt or eating large amounts of shellfish.
Missing Word
iodized
Iodized salt has iodine added to it. Dietary iodine can affect thyroid hormone production and the response to antithyroid therapy, so intake is discussed with the provider.
Category: Antithyroid Drugs
Question 15
Levothyroxine is taken each morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, because food reduces how much of the drug is absorbed.
Missing Word
stomach
Taking levothyroxine on an empty stomach, at the same time each day and before breakfast, keeps its absorption consistent. Food, coffee, and products such as calcium, iron and antacids lower absorption and can make thyroid levels swing.
Category: Thyroid Replacement