Albuterol taken shortly before exercise can prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Correct Answer
True
True. Albuterol acts within minutes, so a dose before activity helps prevent bronchospasm triggered by exercise. It is also used as a rescue drug once symptoms start.
Category: Beta-2 Agonists
Question 2
Levalbuterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist used only for maintenance therapy.
Correct Answer
False
False. Levalbuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist, like albuterol, used to relieve and prevent bronchospasm. Salmeterol is an example of a long-acting beta-2 agonist.
Category: Beta-2 Agonists
Question 3
Albuterol should be used with caution in a patient with hyperthyroidism.
Correct Answer
True
True. Albuterol can raise the heart rate and cause nervousness and tremor, effects that add to those of an overactive thyroid. Caution is also advised in cardiac disease and diabetes.
Category: Beta-2 Agonists
Question 4
Bradycardia is a common adverse effect of inhaled albuterol.
Correct Answer
False
False. Albuterol commonly causes tachycardia and palpitations, along with tremor, nervousness and headache. A slow heart rate is not a typical effect.
Category: Beta-2 Agonists
Question 5
Patients using inhaled ipratropium should keep the spray out of their eyes, because contact can blur vision and raise eye pressure.
Correct Answer
True
True. Ipratropium that reaches the eyes can dilate the pupils, blur vision and worsen or trigger angle-closure glaucoma. Patients are taught to aim the inhaler or nebulizer mask carefully.
Category: Anticholinergic Bronchodilators
Question 6
Inhaled anticholinergics such as ipratropium increase the amount of mucus in the airways.
Correct Answer
False
False. Blocking muscarinic receptors reduces airway secretions while relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. This drying effect also explains the common adverse effect of dry mouth.
Category: Anticholinergic Bronchodilators
Question 7
Theophylline should be used with caution in a patient with a seizure disorder.
Correct Answer
True
True. Theophylline stimulates the central nervous system, and toxic levels can cause seizures. A poorly controlled seizure disorder is listed as a contraindication.
Category: Xanthines
Question 8
Xanthines such as theophylline are used more widely today than inhaled bronchodilators because they cause few adverse effects.
Correct Answer
False
False. Xanthine use has declined because the drugs cause many adverse effects and need close monitoring. Inhaled bronchodilators and controllers are now favored, and theophylline is kept for patients who do not respond to other treatment.
Category: Xanthines
Question 9
Leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast are taken by mouth rather than by inhalation.
Correct Answer
True
True. Montelukast, zafirlukast and zileuton are all oral drugs. They are usually used as add-on controllers with other asthma medicines.
Category: Leukotriene Modifiers
Question 10
Leukotrienes relax airway smooth muscle and reduce mucus production.
Correct Answer
False
False. Leukotrienes are inflammatory substances that cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and increased mucus production. Leukotriene modifiers block these effects.
Category: Leukotriene Modifiers
Question 11
Cromolyn is well absorbed into the bloodstream and causes many systemic adverse effects.
Correct Answer
False
False. Inhaled cromolyn has minimal systemic absorption and is generally well tolerated. Local effects such as cough, throat irritation and wheezing are its typical adverse effects.
Category: Mast Cells and Biologics
Question 12
Omalizumab is a maintenance drug and is not used to treat acute bronchospasm.
Correct Answer
True
True. Omalizumab is added to long-term therapy for allergic asthma that is not controlled by inhaled drugs. It does not relieve an attack, so a short-acting bronchodilator is still needed for rescue.
Category: Mast Cells and Biologics
Question 13
Omalizumab is given by oral inhalation.
Correct Answer
False
False. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody given by subcutaneous injection. As a large protein it would be digested if swallowed and is not formulated for inhalation.
Category: Mast Cells and Biologics
Question 14
Long-term inhaled corticosteroid use can slow growth in children, so their growth is monitored.
Correct Answer
True
True. Inhaled corticosteroids can reduce growth velocity in children, so height is checked regularly and the lowest effective dose is used. The benefit of asthma control usually outweighs this risk.
Category: Inhaled Corticosteroids
Question 15
Inhaled corticosteroids cause more systemic adverse effects than oral corticosteroids.
Correct Answer
False
False. Inhalation delivers the drug directly to the airways, so far less reaches the rest of the body and systemic adverse effects are fewer than with oral corticosteroids.
Category: Inhaled Corticosteroids
Question 16
A short course of a systemic corticosteroid such as methylprednisolone may be given for a severe asthma or COPD exacerbation.
Correct Answer
True
True. Oral or IV corticosteroids quickly reduce severe airway inflammation during an exacerbation. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids are used for ongoing control.
Category: Inhaled Corticosteroids
Question 17
Corticosteroids are safe to use in a patient with an active systemic fungal infection.
Correct Answer
False
False. A systemic fungal infection is a contraindication to systemic corticosteroids, and inhaled products are used with caution in it, because corticosteroids suppress the immune response and can let the infection spread. Patients are also taught to report signs of infection.
Category: Inhaled Corticosteroids
Question 18
A dry powder inhaler should be kept dry and never washed in water.
Correct Answer
True
True. Moisture makes the powder clump and blocks accurate dosing, so the mouthpiece is wiped with a dry cloth instead. Metered-dose inhaler holders, by contrast, may be rinsed and air-dried.
Category: Inhaler Technique
Question 19
A patient should breathe out forcefully into a dry powder inhaler just before inhaling a dose.
Correct Answer
False
False. Exhaling into the device blows moisture and powder out of it. The patient breathes out away from the mouthpiece, then inhales quickly and deeply through it.
Category: Inhaler Technique
Question 20
Patients with asthma should have a written action plan that explains which medicines to use as symptoms worsen and when to seek care.
Correct Answer
True
True. An asthma action plan guides daily controller use, rescue medicine use and emergency steps based on symptoms. It helps patients recognize worsening control early.
Category: Inhaler Technique