The process of introducing DNA molecules into eukaryotic cells is called transfection.
Missing Word
transfection
Transfection is a technique used to introduce foreign nucleic acids, specifically DNA or RNA, into eukaryotic cells. This process is essential for studying gene function, protein expression, and developing gene therapies.
Question 2
The northern blot technique is used to find an RNA fragment within a sample that is complementary to a DNA probe.
Missing Word
northern
Northern blotting is an analytical technique used to detect specific RNA sequences within a sample. It involves separating RNA molecules by size, transferring them to a membrane, and then hybridizing with a labeled DNA probe complementary to the target RNA.
Question 3
The PCR step during which the double-stranded template molecule becomes single-stranded is called denaturation.
Missing Word
denaturation
Denaturation is the initial step in PCR where the double-stranded DNA template is heated to separate it into two single strands. This allows primers to bind to the template DNA in the subsequent annealing step.
Question 4
The sequencing method involving the incorporation of ddNTPs is called Sanger sequencing.
Missing Word
Sanger sequencing
Sanger sequencing, also known as the dideoxy chain termination method, uses dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) to terminate DNA synthesis at specific bases. This creates a series of DNA fragments of varying lengths that can be used to determine the DNA sequence.
Question 5
The application of genomics to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of drugs on the basis of information from an individual’s genomic sequence is called pharmacogenomics.
Missing Word
pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics uses an individual's genomic information to predict their response to specific drugs. This personalized approach can optimize drug selection and dosage, minimizing adverse effects and maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
Question 6
A gene whose expression can be easily visualized and monitored is called a reporter gene.
Missing Word
reporter gene
Reporter genes are used to study gene expression because they produce easily detectable products. This allows researchers to track when and where a specific gene is active under different conditions.
Question 7
Adenovirus is a common viral vector used in gene therapy for introducing a new gene into a specifically targeted cell type.
Missing Word
Adenovirus
Adenoviruses are effective gene therapy vectors due to their ability to efficiently transduce a wide range of human cells. They can deliver genetic material into cells without integrating into the host genome, reducing the risk of insertional mutagenesis.