When you see light bend as it moves from air into water, you are observing refraction.
Missing Word
refraction
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed. This phenomenon is crucial in microscopy, as lenses use refraction to focus light and create magnified images.
Question 2
A microscope that uses multiple lenses is called a compound microscope.
Missing Word
compound
A compound microscope uses multiple lenses (objective and ocular) to achieve higher magnification and resolution compared to a simple microscope. The objective lens magnifies the specimen, and the ocular lens further magnifies the image produced by the objective lens.
Question 3
Chromophores that absorb and then emit light are called fluorochromes.
Missing Word
fluorochromes
Fluorochromes are fluorescent dyes that absorb light at one wavelength and emit light at a longer wavelength. They are used in fluorescence microscopy to label specific cellular structures or molecules, allowing for their visualization.
Question 4
In a(n) atomic force microscope, a probe located just above the specimen moves up and down in response to forces between the atoms and the tip of the probe.
Missing Word
atomic force microscope
An atomic force microscope (AFM) uses a sharp probe to scan the surface of a sample. The probe's vertical movement, responding to atomic forces, creates a topographical map of the surface at the nanometer scale.
Question 5
The total magnification of a specimen viewed with a standard 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens is 400x.
Missing Word
400x
Total magnification in a compound microscope is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens (typically 10x) by the magnification of the objective lens. In this case, 10x (ocular) multiplied by 40x (objective) equals 400x.
Question 6
Ziehl-Neelsen staining, a type of acid-fast staining, is diagnostic for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Missing Word
acid-fast
Acid-fast staining is a differential staining technique used to identify bacteria with mycolic acid in their cell walls, such as Mycobacterium. The Ziehl-Neelsen method is a specific type of acid-fast stain commonly used to diagnose tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Question 7
The Gram stain is used to differentiate bacterial cells based on the components of their cell walls.
Missing Words
Gram, stain
The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based on differences in their cell wall structure, specifically the amount of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet stain, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, causing them to appear pink after counterstaining with safranin.