A&P Ch.6: Bone Tissue & Skeletal System
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15 questions
Medicine & Health Sciences > Anatomy & Physiology
by Sean Valentine
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Fill in the Blank (15)
Question 1
The cells responsible for building new bone tissue are called osteoblasts.
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osteoblasts
Osteoblasts secrete the organic matrix (osteoid) that becomes mineralized to form new bone.
Category: Ch6
Question 2
The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis.
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diaphysis
The diaphysis is composed of compact bone surrounding a central medullary cavity.
Category: Ch6
Question 3
Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow through a process called hematopoiesis.
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hematopoiesis
Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets throughout life.
Category: Ch6
Question 4
The cells that break down bone tissue to release calcium are osteoclasts.
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osteoclasts
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that resorb bone by secreting acids and enzymes.
Category: Ch6
Question 5
The membrane covering the outer surface of a bone is the periosteum.
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periosteum
The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and osteogenic cells important for bone growth and repair.
Category: Ch6
Question 6
A condition of decreased bone density that increases fracture risk is osteoporosis.
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osteoporosis
Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, resulting in porous and fragile bones.
Category: Ch6
Question 7
Mature bone cells embedded within the bone matrix are called osteocytes.
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osteocytes
Osteocytes are former osteoblasts trapped in lacunae that maintain the bone matrix and detect mechanical stress.
Category: Ch6
Question 8
The growth plate in developing bones is called the epiphyseal plate.
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epiphyseal
The epiphyseal plate contains cartilage that allows bones to grow in length until it ossifies in adulthood.
Category: Ch6
Question 9
The structural unit of compact bone is the osteon or Haversian system.
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osteon
Each osteon has concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.
Category: Ch6
Question 10
The hormone that lowers blood calcium levels is calcitonin.
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calcitonin
Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland and inhibits osteoclast activity to reduce calcium release from bone.
Category: Ch6
Question 11
The process of bone formation from a cartilage model is called endochondral ossification.
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endochondral
Most bones in the body form through endochondral ossification, where hyaline cartilage is gradually replaced by bone.
Category: Ch6
Question 12
According to Wolff's law, bone grows stronger in response to mechanical stress.
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stress
Weight-bearing exercise stimulates osteoblast activity and increases bone density in areas of higher mechanical demand.
Category: Ch6
Question 13
The first step of fracture repair is the formation of a hematoma.
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hematoma
When a bone breaks, torn blood vessels form a blood clot (hematoma) that provides the initial framework for repair.
Category: Ch6
Question 14
The smooth cartilage covering bone surfaces at joints is called articular cartilage.
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articular
Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage that reduces friction and absorbs shock during joint movement.
Category: Ch6
Question 15
The hormone that raises blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts is parathyroid hormone.
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parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium drops and acts on bone, kidneys, and intestines to restore calcium levels.
Category: Ch6
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