The stem cells along the walls of the seminiferous tubules that divide by mitosis to begin sperm production are called spermatogonia.
Missing Word
spermatogonia
Spermatogonia are the diploid stem cells of the testis. Some of their daughter cells become primary spermatocytes that enter meiosis, while others remain as stem cells to keep sperm production going for life.
Category: Spermatogenesis
Question 2
The haploid cells produced at the end of meiosis II in the testis, which then remodel into mature sperm, are called spermatids.
Missing Word
spermatids
Spermatids are the haploid products of the second meiotic division. They do not divide again but undergo spermiogenesis, developing a head, midpiece and tail.
Category: Spermatogenesis
Question 3
The whiplike tail that propels a sperm cell forward is called a flagellum.
Missing Word
flagellum
The flagellum is the long tail of the sperm, and its beating, powered by ATP from the midpiece mitochondria, moves the sperm toward the oocyte.
Category: Spermatogenesis
Question 4
The walnut-sized gland that surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder is the prostate gland.
Missing Word
prostate
The prostate gland encircles the first part of the urethra below the bladder and adds a fluid to semen that helps it coagulate and then liquefy.
Category: Male Anatomy
Question 5
The pouch of skin and muscle that holds the testes outside the abdominopelvic cavity is the scrotum.
Missing Word
scrotum
The scrotum houses the testes outside the body cavity, keeping them a few degrees cooler than core temperature for efficient sperm production.
Category: Male Anatomy
Question 6
The degeneration of ovarian follicles that never reach ovulation is called atresia.
Missing Word
atresia
Atresia is the programmed breakdown of follicles. Most follicles that begin to develop in a cycle undergo atresia, leaving usually one dominant follicle to ovulate.
Category: Ovaries and Oogenesis
Question 7
Before birth, the diploid stem cells of the ovary called oogonia divide by mitosis and then give rise to primary oocytes.
Missing Word
oogonia
Oogonia are the female germline stem cells. They multiply by mitosis during fetal development, and the primary oocytes they form enter meiosis before birth.
Category: Ovaries and Oogenesis
Question 8
The fingerlike projections at the ovarian end of the uterine tube that sweep the ovulated oocyte inward are the fimbriae.
Missing Word
fimbriae
Fimbriae fringe the open end of the uterine tube and move over the ovary at ovulation, helping draw the released oocyte into the tube.
Category: Uterus and Uterine Tubes
Question 9
The innermost layer of the uterine wall, which thickens and partly sheds in each cycle, is the endometrium.
Missing Word
endometrium
The endometrium is the mucosal lining of the uterus. Its functional layer builds up under estrogen and progesterone and is lost at menses, while its basal layer regenerates it.
Category: Uterus and Uterine Tubes
Question 10
The narrow lower portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the cervix.
Missing Word
cervix
The cervix is the neck of the uterus. Its canal connects the uterine cavity to the vagina, and it dilates during childbirth.
Category: Uterus and Uterine Tubes
Question 11
The rounded upper part of the uterus that sits above the openings of the uterine tubes is the fundus.
Missing Word
fundus
The fundus is the dome-shaped top of the uterus, lying superior to where the uterine tubes enter. The body of the uterus lies below it.
Category: Uterus and Uterine Tubes
Question 12
The pigmented ring of skin around the nipple is the areola.
Missing Word
areola
The areola surrounds the nipple and contains small glands that lubricate the skin during breastfeeding.
Category: Female Anatomy
Question 13
A female's first menstrual period is called menarche.
Missing Word
menarche
Menarche is the first menstruation and occurs after the early physical changes of female puberty, such as breast development and the growth spurt.
Category: Puberty and Hormones
Question 14
The period of development in which rising GnRH pulses cause the gonads to mature and fertility to begin is called puberty.
Missing Word
puberty
Puberty is the stage when increased GnRH drives LH and FSH release, the gonads begin producing sex steroids and gametes, and secondary sex characteristics appear.
Category: Puberty and Hormones
Question 15
FSH and LH are grouped as anterior pituitary hormones called gonadotropins because they act on the testes and ovaries.
Missing Word
gonadotropins
Gonadotropins are pituitary hormones that target the gonads. FSH and LH regulate gamete development and sex steroid production in both sexes.
Category: Puberty and Hormones