A virus that infects a bacterium is called a/an bacteriophage.
Missing Word
bacteriophage
A bacteriophage, also known as a phage, is a virus that specifically infects and replicates within bacteria. Bacteriophages are important tools in molecular biology and are being explored as potential antibacterial agents.
Question 2
A/an complex virus possesses characteristics of both a polyhedral and helical virus.
Missing Word
complex
Complex viruses have capsids that are neither purely icosahedral nor helical, often possessing a combination of both structures along with other specialized components like a tail sheath or protein fibers. This intricate architecture allows them to infect cells efficiently.
Question 3
A virus containing only nucleic acid and a capsid is called a/an naked virus or nonenveloped virus.
Missing Word
naked
A naked virus, or nonenveloped virus, consists solely of a nucleic acid genome enclosed within a protein capsid. Unlike enveloped viruses, it lacks a lipid membrane derived from the host cell.
Question 4
The tail fibers on the bacteriophage allow for binding to the bacterial cell.
Missing Words
tail, fibers
Tail fibers are protein structures extending from the tail of some bacteriophages. They are responsible for the initial attachment of the phage to specific receptors on the surface of the bacterial cell, initiating the infection process.
Question 5
An enzyme from HIV that can make a copy of DNA from RNA is called reverse transcriptase.
Missing Words
reverse, transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase is a unique enzyme possessed by retroviruses like HIV. It allows the virus to convert its RNA genome into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host cell's genome for replication.
Question 6
For lytic viruses, eclipse is a phase during a viral growth curve when the virus is not detected.
Missing Word
eclipse
The eclipse phase in viral replication is the period after the virus has entered the host cell but before new infectious virions are assembled. During this time, the virus is disassembled and its components are being synthesized, making it undetectable by standard assays.
Question 7
Viruses can be diagnosed and observed using a(n) Electron microscope.
Missing Word
Electron
Viruses are extremely small, typically ranging from 20 to 300 nanometers in diameter. Their observation and diagnosis require the high magnification and resolution capabilities of an electron microscope, which uses beams of electrons instead of light.
Question 8
Cell abnormalities resulting from a viral infection are called cytopathic effects.
Missing Words
cytopathic, effects
Cytopathic effects (CPEs) are visible changes in a host cell caused by viral infection. These effects can range from cell lysis to changes in cell morphology and are often used to identify viral infections in cell cultures.
Question 9
Both viroids and virusoids have a(n) RNA genome, but virusoids require a(n) helper virus to reproduce.
Missing Word
RNA
Viroids and virusoids are both composed of RNA, but virusoids are subviral particles that require a helper virus to provide the necessary proteins for their replication and encapsidation. Viroids, on the other hand, are infectious RNA molecules that can replicate autonomously within a host cell.