A nurse leads a community class that teaches children and parents to wear bicycle helmets. Which level of prevention does this class represent?
Primary prevention
✓
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Palliative care
Correct Answer
Primary prevention
Primary prevention lowers risk before any injury or disease occurs, and helmet use prevents head injury in healthy riders. Secondary prevention finds disease early, as screening tests do. Tertiary prevention limits complications of a condition that already exists. Palliative care relieves symptoms of serious illness rather than preventing a problem.
Category: Levels of Prevention
Question 2
A patient with long-standing heart failure joins a program that teaches daily weights and symptom tracking to avoid hospital admissions. Which level of prevention does this program represent?
Primary prevention
Tertiary prevention
✓
Secondary prevention
Health screening
Correct Answer
Tertiary prevention
Tertiary prevention serves people with an established chronic condition by preventing complications and improving function and quality of life. Primary prevention acts before a condition develops, which no longer applies here. Secondary prevention aims at early detection of disease that has not yet been found. Health screening is a secondary prevention tool for people without a known diagnosis.
Category: Levels of Prevention
Question 3
According to the Health Belief Model, which belief makes a person more likely to change a health behavior?
The condition mainly affects other people
The costs of changing outweigh the benefits
They are personally at risk for the condition
✓
Their own actions cannot alter the risk
Correct Answer
They are personally at risk for the condition
The Health Belief Model predicts action when people see themselves as susceptible, view the condition as serious, and believe change will lower their risk with benefits that outweigh costs. Believing the condition mainly affects other people removes the sense of personal risk. Believing the costs of changing outweigh the benefits discourages change. Believing their own actions cannot alter the risk undermines the expectation that change will pay off.
Category: Health Promotion Concepts
Question 4
A nurse helps a patient learn to track symptoms and adjust daily routines so the patient can take charge of health decisions without relying on staff. Which core principle of health promotion is the nurse applying?
Equity
Holism
Sustainability
Empowerment
✓
Correct Answer
Empowerment
Empowerment means building a person's independence and confidence to act proactively on their own health. Equity means every person receives fair care regardless of background. Holism means caring for mind, body and spirit together. Sustainability means maintaining a change over the long term.
Category: Health Promotion Concepts
Question 5
Stretching exercises mainly improve which component of physical fitness?
Flexibility
✓
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscle strength
Body composition
Correct Answer
Flexibility
Flexibility is the range of motion available at the joints, and regular stretching is the classic way to maintain and improve it. Cardiorespiratory endurance is built by sustained aerobic activity such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling. Muscle strength is built by resistance work such as free weights or resistance bands. Body composition is the proportion of fat to lean tissue, which stretching does little to change.
Category: Healthy Habits
Question 6
A patient reports trouble falling asleep. Which teaching point supports good sleep hygiene?
Watch television in bed until drowsy
Go to bed and wake up at the same times each day
✓
Drink coffee with the evening meal
Use an over-the-counter sleep aid nightly
Correct Answer
Go to bed and wake up at the same times each day
A consistent sleep and wake schedule supports the body's natural rhythm and is a core sleep hygiene habit. Watching television in bed exposes the patient to screens that interfere with sleep. Drinking coffee with the evening meal adds caffeine, a stimulant, close to bedtime. Using an over-the-counter sleep aid nightly is a drug approach, and nondrug measures such as relaxation and a bedtime routine are usually tried first.
Category: Healthy Habits
Question 7
An older adult looks back on life and weighs whether it has been satisfying or wasted. Which of Erikson's developmental stages describes this task?
Intimacy versus isolation
Generativity versus stagnation
Integrity versus despair
✓
Identity versus role confusion
Correct Answer
Integrity versus despair
Integrity versus despair is the stage of older adulthood, when a person reviews life and judges its meaning. Intimacy versus isolation is the young adult task of forming close relationships. Generativity versus stagnation is the middle adult task of contributing to society and the next generation. Identity versus role confusion is the adolescent task of forming a sense of self.
Category: Health Across the Lifespan
Question 8
Which teaching topic addresses unintentional injury, a major cause of death among young adults?
Colorectal cancer screening
Osteoporosis prevention
Dementia warning signs
Seatbelt and helmet use
✓
Correct Answer
Seatbelt and helmet use
Unintentional injury, including motor vehicle crashes, is a major cause of death in young adults, so safety teaching such as seatbelt and helmet use addresses it directly. Colorectal cancer screening is emphasized for middle-aged and older adults. Osteoporosis prevention focuses on bone health later in life. Dementia warning signs are a health-promotion topic for older adults.
Category: Health Across the Lifespan
Question 9
Which risk factor for heart disease can a patient change?
Tobacco use
✓
Age
Genetic makeup
Family history
Correct Answer
Tobacco use
Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor because the person can control it, which makes it a target for teaching and lifestyle change. Age cannot be changed. Genetic makeup is inherited and fixed. Family history is also fixed, although knowing it helps guide screening.
Category: Health Across the Lifespan
Question 10
On the day of discharge after surgery, a patient cannot describe which wound changes should be reported to the surgeon. What should the nurse do?
Hand over the written instructions and complete discharge
Reteach the warning signs and check understanding again
✓
Document that the patient declined teaching
Tell the patient to search online for wound advice
Correct Answer
Reteach the warning signs and check understanding again
Before discharge the nurse must confirm the patient understands the teaching and must reteach or reinforce it when the patient does not, because a knowledge gap raises the risk of complications and readmission. Handing over the written instructions and completing discharge sends the patient home without the needed knowledge. Documenting that the patient declined teaching is inaccurate because the patient did not refuse. Telling the patient to search online leaves the patient without reliable guidance.
Category: Patient Teaching Purpose
Question 11
A patient tells the nurse that reading has always been difficult. Which teaching approach fits this patient's needs?
Give a detailed pamphlet with medical terms
Ask the patient to read the handout after discharge
Use pictures and spoken explanations in plain words
✓
Refer the patient to a medical journal article
Correct Answer
Use pictures and spoken explanations in plain words
Reading level is a barrier to learning, so teaching should rely on visuals, spoken explanation and everyday language and avoid medical jargon. A detailed pamphlet with medical terms is the kind of material the patient cannot use. Asking the patient to read the handout after discharge depends on the very skill the patient lacks. A medical journal article is written for professionals, not patients.
Category: Patient Teaching Purpose
Question 12
Which member of the discharge team coordinates resources and follow-up for the family and arranges sign-off from services such as wound care and nutrition?
Respiratory therapist
Physical therapist
Pharmacist
Case manager
✓
Correct Answer
Case manager
The case manager bridges the plan of care and the patient's needs by arranging resources, follow-up and input from ancillary services. A respiratory therapist teaches use of pulmonary equipment and breathing treatments. A physical therapist works on mobility, strength and function. A pharmacist reviews and dispenses medications.
Category: Patient Teaching Purpose
Question 13
A patient newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease asks where to read more about the condition at home. Which source should the nurse recommend?
A national health association's patient website
✓
A supplement seller's product page
A popular social media video
An anonymous online discussion forum
Correct Answer
A national health association's patient website
Nurses refer patients to credible, research-based sources, such as the patient pages of national health associations, because misinformation can lead to misconceptions and delays in care. A supplement seller's product page is written to sell a product rather than to inform. A popular social media video may be widely viewed but is not checked for accuracy. An anonymous online discussion forum shares personal opinions that may be wrong or unsafe.
Category: Teaching Methods
Question 14
A nurse plans to teach a patient how to care for a new cast before discharge, but the patient is in severe pain. What should the nurse do?
Begin the full teaching session right away
Relieve the pain, then teach when the patient can focus
✓
Hand over the written instructions and leave
Teach only the family and skip the patient
Correct Answer
Relieve the pain, then teach when the patient can focus
Physical discomfort such as severe pain reduces readiness to learn, so the nurse addresses the pain first and teaches once the patient can concentrate. Beginning the full teaching session right away means little will be absorbed. Handing over the written instructions and leaving gives no chance to explain or check understanding. Teaching only the family and skipping the patient leaves out the person who must manage the care.
Category: Teaching Methods
Question 15
Before suggesting a smartphone app for tracking blood pressure at home, what should the nurse assess?
The app's popularity among other patients
The patient's preferred pharmacy location
The patient's access to and ability to use the technology
✓
The patient's family history of stroke
Correct Answer
The patient's access to and ability to use the technology
Some patients, especially older adults, lack devices or internet access or do not know how to use them, so access and ability must be confirmed before recommending a technology-based approach. The app's popularity among other patients says nothing about whether this patient can use it. The patient's preferred pharmacy location is unrelated to using an app. The patient's family history of stroke matters for risk but not for whether the tool will work for the patient.
Category: Teaching Methods
Question 16
A patient who works from home reports stress from answering work messages late every night. Which suggestion supports a healthy work-life balance?
Keep the work phone by the bed to reply quickly
Take on extra projects to get ahead
Skip meals to finish work sooner
Choose an evening time after which work messages are not checked
✓
Correct Answer
Choose an evening time after which work messages are not checked
Setting a clear boundary between work time and personal time reduces stress and protects rest, which is harder for people who work from home. Keeping the work phone by the bed to reply quickly keeps the patient on call through the night. Taking on extra projects adds to the workload that is causing the stress. Skipping meals to finish work sooner harms physical health without reducing the demands.
Category: Healthy Habits
Question 17
A nurse needs informed consent from a patient who speaks only Spanish. The patient's adult son offers to interpret. What should the nurse do?
Use a professional medical interpreter service
✓
Accept the son's offer to interpret
Speak slowly and loudly in English
Use hand gestures to explain the procedure
Correct Answer
Use a professional medical interpreter service
A professional interpreter, in person or by phone or video, is the standard for informed consent because family members may lack medical vocabulary, may filter information, and compromise confidentiality. Accepting the son's offer risks errors and omissions in what the patient hears. Speaking slowly and loudly in English does not overcome a language barrier. Hand gestures cannot convey the risks and benefits needed for consent.
Category: Teaching Methods
Question 18
How often should the nurse evaluate a patient's learning during a hospital stay?
Once, on the day of discharge
After every teaching session
✓
Once, at the first follow-up visit
Whenever the patient happens to ask a question
Correct Answer
After every teaching session
Learning is evaluated after each teaching session so the nurse can clarify misunderstandings, re-explain, or change the teaching method before the patient goes home. Evaluating once, on the day of discharge, leaves no time to correct gaps found earlier. Evaluating once, at the first follow-up visit, comes after the patient has already been managing care alone. Waiting until the patient happens to ask a question misses patients who do not realize they misunderstood.
Category: Evaluating Learning
Question 19
Low health literacy is linked to which outcome?
Better adherence to treatment
Fewer missed appointments
More medication errors
✓
Higher patient satisfaction scores
Correct Answer
More medication errors
Patients who struggle to understand health information are more likely to make medication errors, miss appointments and not follow treatment plans. Better adherence to treatment is the opposite of what low health literacy produces. Fewer missed appointments is also the reverse of the actual effect. Higher patient satisfaction scores are not an expected result of poor understanding.
Category: Patient Teaching Purpose
Question 20
A patient with chronic kidney disease says that the only affordable foods nearby are canned goods and packaged snacks, which makes a low-sodium diet hard to follow. Which nursing action addresses this barrier?
Tell the patient to buy only fresh organic produce
Stop including diet in the teaching plan
Recommend canned soup as a quick meal
Connect the patient with community resources for healthy food
✓
Correct Answer
Connect the patient with community resources for healthy food
Food insecurity is a social determinant of health, and linking the patient to community food resources tailors the plan to the patient's real circumstances. Telling the patient to buy only fresh organic produce ignores the cost barrier. Stopping diet teaching abandons an important part of managing the disease. Recommending canned soup adds the high-sodium food the patient needs to limit.
Category: Health Across the Lifespan