Steroid hormones are derived from lipids, whereas peptide hormones are derived from amino acids.
Correct Answer
True
True. Hormones fall into chemical classes: steroids come from lipids such as cholesterol, and amines, peptides and proteins come from amino acids. The class affects how a hormone travels in the blood and which receptor it uses.
Category: Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology
Question 2
Excessive thirst can be a sign of diabetes insipidus as well as diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer
True
True. Both disorders cause large urine losses that drive thirst: in diabetes mellitus glucose pulls water into the urine, and in diabetes insipidus the kidneys cannot conserve water without antidiuretic hormone action. A careful history and testing tell them apart.
Category: Pituitary Disorders
Question 3
Endocrine signaling generally produces effects faster than nervous system signaling.
Correct Answer
False
False. Nerve signals reach their targets within milliseconds, while hormone effects take seconds to much longer. The endocrine system mainly regulates slower processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction.
Category: Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology
Question 4
Positive feedback is the most common mechanism controlling hormone secretion.
Correct Answer
False
False. Negative feedback is far more common: as a hormone level rises, it suppresses further release. Positive feedback, such as oxytocin release during labor, is the exception.
Category: Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology
Question 5
Type 2 diabetes can go undetected for years because it often causes no symptoms early on.
Correct Answer
True
True. Insulin resistance develops gradually, and many people have no symptoms for a long time. Screening people with risk factors helps find the disease before complications develop.
Category: Diabetes Mellitus
Question 6
Gestational diabetes usually causes obvious symptoms.
Correct Answer
False
False. Gestational diabetes usually causes no symptoms, so it is found by routine glucose screening during pregnancy. Finding it allows diet changes, glucose monitoring and insulin when needed to protect the pregnant person and the baby.
Category: Diabetes Mellitus
Question 7
Tingling of the lips, tongue and cheeks can be a sign of low blood glucose.
Correct Answer
True
True. Hypoglycemia can cause numbness or tingling around the mouth along with tremors, sweating, hunger, irritability and confusion. Recognizing these early signs lets the patient treat the low before it becomes severe.
Category: Diabetes Mellitus
Question 8
Diabetic ketoacidosis carries a higher risk of death than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.
Correct Answer
False
False. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state carries the higher risk of death. It often affects older adults with other illnesses and causes profound dehydration and neurologic changes that can progress to seizures and coma.
Category: Hyperglycemic Emergencies
Question 9
Hypothyroidism can raise blood cholesterol, so a low-fat diet is often part of nursing care.
Correct Answer
True
True. The slowed metabolism of hypothyroidism raises blood lipid levels, which adds to heart disease risk. A low-fat diet helps prevent or manage this hyperlipidemia while thyroid hormone replacement takes effect.
Category: Thyroid Disorders
Question 10
The bulging eyes of Graves disease are caused by pressure from the enlarged thyroid gland.
Correct Answer
False
False. In Graves disease, antibodies inflame and swell the soft tissues of the eye sockets, which pushes the eyes forward. The nurse protects the exposed eyes, for example with lubricating eye drops.
Category: Thyroid Disorders
Question 11
After a parathyroidectomy, serum calcium can stay low for a prolonged period as the bones rapidly take calcium back up.
Correct Answer
True
True. This complication, called hungry bone syndrome, causes prolonged hypocalcemia with numbness, tingling, muscle spasm and a risk of laryngospasm and arrhythmias. It is treated with calcium, given intravenously when severe, along with vitamin D.
Category: Parathyroid Disorders
Question 12
Hyperparathyroidism tends to increase bone density, which protects against fractures.
Correct Answer
False
False. Excess parathyroid hormone pulls calcium out of bone, which lowers bone density and can lead to fractures with little or no trauma. Safe mobility and fall prevention are part of nursing care.
Category: Parathyroid Disorders
Question 13
Hypoparathyroidism can result from autoimmune disease as well as from injury during neck surgery.
Correct Answer
True
True. Damage to or removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery is a common cause, but autoimmune disorders, abnormal gland development and genetic changes can also cause it. Whatever the cause, low parathyroid hormone leads to low blood calcium.
Category: Parathyroid Disorders
Question 14
Despite water retention, a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release usually has normal skin turgor and no edema.
Correct Answer
True
True. The retained water spreads through all body compartments, so the patient looks euvolemic even though serum sodium is diluted. Neurologic changes from low sodium are the main danger.
Category: Pituitary Disorders
Question 15
Fluid restriction is a key treatment for diabetes insipidus.
Correct Answer
False
False. In diabetes insipidus the kidneys cannot conserve water, so fluid must be replaced to prevent dehydration. Fluid restriction is used for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release.
Category: Pituitary Disorders
Question 16
The heavy urine output of diabetes insipidus continues through the night as well as during the day.
Correct Answer
True
True. Without enough antidiuretic hormone action, the kidneys cannot concentrate urine at any time, so large volumes of dilute urine are passed day and night and sleep is often disrupted. Asking about urination at night is part of the history when diabetes insipidus is suspected.
Category: Pituitary Disorders
Question 17
Adrenal crisis usually has a slow, gradual onset.
Correct Answer
False
False. Adrenal crisis is an acute, rapid-onset deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone, with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension and altered mental status that can progress to shock. It is an emergency treated with intravenous fluids, dextrose and hydrocortisone.
Category: Adrenal Disorders
Question 18
Tuberculosis is one infection that can destroy the adrenal glands and cause adrenal insufficiency.
Correct Answer
True
True. Besides autoimmune destruction, infections such as tuberculosis and HIV, cancer that spreads to the glands, trauma and some medications can damage the adrenal cortex. A chest x-ray for tuberculosis may be part of the workup.
Category: Adrenal Disorders
Question 19
Excess cortisol in Cushing syndrome makes body cells more sensitive to insulin.
Correct Answer
False
False. Excess cortisol causes insulin resistance and increases glucose production by the liver, so blood glucose often rises. The nurse monitors blood glucose in patients with Cushing syndrome.
Category: Adrenal Disorders
Question 20
Hypothyroidism is more common in males than in females.
Correct Answer
False
False. Hypothyroidism is more common in females. Risk also rises in older adults, in whom symptoms are easily mistaken for normal aging.
Category: Thyroid Disorders