Nearsightedness, in which distant objects look blurry while near objects stay clear, is called myopia.
Missing Word
myopia
Myopia occurs when light focuses in front of the retina, so far objects blur. It is corrected with glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 2
A raised, wedge-shaped thickening of the clear membrane over the white of the eye that can grow onto the cornea, linked to wind, dust and ultraviolet light, is called a pterygium.
Missing Word
pterygium
A pterygium is a growth of conjunctival tissue that can spread onto the cornea and, if large, blur vision. Sunglasses and protection from wind and dust reduce the irritation linked to it.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 3
A laser treatment that uses heat to seal leaking retinal blood vessels and slow abnormal vessel growth in diabetic retinopathy is called photocoagulation.
Missing Word
photocoagulation
Photocoagulation uses a focused laser beam to seal or destroy leaking and abnormal vessels in the retina. It helps preserve the vision that remains but does not restore vision already lost.
Category: Retinal Disorders
Question 4
Pink eye is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white of the eye.
Missing Word
conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is the clear membrane over the inner eyelids and sclera. Viral, bacterial or allergic inflammation of it causes redness, discharge and itching.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 5
A progressive disorder in which the cornea thins and bulges outward into a cone shape is called keratoconus.
Missing Word
keratoconus
Keratoconus distorts the shape of the cornea and blurs vision. Treatments include collagen cross-linking to strengthen the cornea and, in advanced cases, a corneal transplant.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 6
A difference in size between the two pupils is called anisocoria.
Missing Word
anisocoria
Anisocoria means unequal pupils. A slight difference can be normal for some people, but new anisocoria after an eye or head injury is reported promptly because it can signal nerve or brain injury.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 7
Surgical removal of the gel that fills the back of the eye, used in advanced diabetic retinopathy with bleeding into that gel, is called a vitrectomy.
Missing Word
vitrectomy
A vitrectomy removes the vitreous gel, clearing blood from the back of the eye and allowing the surgeon to treat the retina. It is used for advanced diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
Category: Retinal Disorders
Question 8
The physician who specializes in eye disease and performs eye surgery is an ophthalmologist.
Missing Word
ophthalmologist
An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats eye disease, including surgery. An optometrist examines the eyes and prescribes lenses but is not a physician.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 9
The retinal photoreceptors that work best in dim light and provide peripheral vision are the rods.
Missing Word
rods
Rods handle low-light and side vision, while cones handle color and fine detail. This is why disorders that damage the rods show up as poor night vision.
Category: Retinal Disorders
Question 10
Surgery to remove infected air cells from the bone behind the ear is called a mastoidectomy.
Missing Word
mastoidectomy
A mastoidectomy removes infected tissue from the mastoid bone, which can become involved when middle ear infection spreads.
Category: Ear Disorders
Question 11
An abnormal growth of skin cells in the middle ear, a complication of chronic otitis media, is called a cholesteatoma.
Missing Word
cholesteatoma
A cholesteatoma is a cyst-like growth of skin in the middle ear that can enlarge and erode nearby bone, so it is usually removed surgically.
Category: Ear Disorders
Question 12
Injury to the eardrum or middle ear from pressure changes during air travel or scuba diving is called barotrauma.
Missing Word
barotrauma
Barotrauma results when pressure outside the ear changes faster than the eustachian tube can equalize it. It can cause ear pain, muffled hearing and even a perforated eardrum.
Category: Ear Disorders
Question 13
A corneal abrasion is a scrape that removes part of the cornea's outermost layer of cells, called the epithelium.
Missing Word
epithelium
The epithelium is the thin outer cell layer of the cornea. When trauma, a foreign body or misused contact lenses scrape it away, the eye hurts, tears and feels gritty, and lubricating drops or a bandage contact lens protect it while it heals.
Category: Other Eye Disorders
Question 14
The graph that plots the softest sounds a person can hear at each pitch during a hearing test is called an audiogram.
Missing Word
audiogram
An audiogram charts the quietest sounds heard across frequencies and shows the type and degree of hearing loss. It guides decisions about hearing aids and other assistive listening devices.
Category: Hearing Loss Care
Question 15
The specialist who tests hearing, identifies the type and degree of hearing loss and fits hearing aids is an audiologist.
Missing Word
audiologist
An audiologist evaluates hearing and balance and recommends and fits hearing aids and assistive listening devices. Nurses refer patients with hearing changes for this evaluation.
Category: Hearing Loss Care