A catheter placed through a small opening in the skull into a fluid-filled chamber deep in the brain, used both to measure intracranial pressure and to drain cerebrospinal fluid, is called a ventriculostomy.
Missing Word
ventriculostomy
A ventriculostomy, also called an intraventricular catheter, lets the team read intracranial pressure and remove cerebrospinal fluid to lower it. The nurse monitors the readings and the drainage and watches for signs of infection.
Category: Intracranial Pressure
Question 2
Complete absence of the responses normally seen when the knee and ankle tendons are tapped, a typical finding in Guillain-Barre syndrome, is called areflexia.
Missing Word
areflexia
Areflexia is the complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. In Guillain-Barre syndrome the damaged peripheral nerves can no longer carry the reflex signal, so reflexes fade as weakness spreads.
Category: Autoimmune Disorders
Question 3
Surgery in which a flap of skull bone is temporarily removed to reach a brain tumor and is put back at the end of the operation is called a craniotomy.
Missing Word
craniotomy
A craniotomy opens the skull by lifting a bone flap that is replaced after the procedure. Afterward the nurse performs focused neurological checks and watches for bleeding, swelling and rising intracranial pressure.
Category: Tumors and Infections
Question 4
A usually benign tumor that grows from the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord is called a meningioma.
Missing Word
meningioma
A meningioma arises from the meninges and is a common benign tumor inside the skull. Even though it is not cancerous, it can press on brain tissue as it grows and cause headaches, seizures or neurological deficits.
Category: Tumors and Infections
Question 5
The phase of a seizure that lasts from the first symptom until the seizure activity ends is called the ictal phase.
Missing Word
ictal
The ictal phase is the seizure itself. The nurse notes when it starts and how long it lasts, observes the movements and level of awareness, and keeps the patient safe until the recovery phase begins.
Category: Seizures
Question 6
Inflammation of the brain tissue itself, usually caused by a viral infection and a known trigger for seizures, is called encephalitis.
Missing Word
encephalitis
Encephalitis inflames the brain itself, whereas meningitis inflames the membranes around it. Brain infections can trigger seizures, so seizure precautions and frequent neurological checks are part of care.
Category: Tumors and Infections
Question 7
The final stage of a migraine, after the headache eases, when the patient may feel exhausted, confused or elated, is called the postdrome.
Missing Word
postdrome
The postdrome follows the attack and can leave the patient drained or foggy for a while. Not every patient goes through every stage, and recognizing the pattern helps the patient plan rest and recovery.
Category: Pain and Spinal Disorders
Question 8
Sleep deprivation, high fever and hypoglycemia can lower the seizure threshold, making a seizure more likely.
Missing Word
threshold
The seizure threshold describes how likely a person is to have a seizure. Triggers such as lack of sleep, fever and low blood glucose lower it, so teaching focuses on avoiding them.
Category: Seizures
Question 9
The physician who diagnoses and manages diseases of the brain, spinal cord and nerves, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease, without operating, is a neurologist.
Missing Word
neurologist
A neurologist is the medical specialist for nervous system disease, while a neurosurgeon is the surgeon. Nurses collaborate with neurologists on diagnosis, medication plans and changes in neurological status.
Category: Neurodegenerative Disease
Question 10
Narrowing of the lower spinal canal that squeezes the nerves and causes back and leg pain is called lumbar spinal stenosis.
Missing Word
stenosis
Stenosis means narrowing. In the lumbar spine, a narrowed canal compresses nerves and causes pain, numbness or weakness in the back and legs.
Category: Pain and Spinal Disorders
Question 11
Forward slipping of a vertebra out of its normal position over the bone below it, a cause of low back pain, is called spondylolisthesis.
Missing Word
spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is the displacement of a vertebra out of line with the vertebra beneath it. The slippage can strain the lower back and compress nerves, causing back and leg pain.
Category: Pain and Spinal Disorders
Question 12
Widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness with fatigue and trouble concentrating, when tests rule out other diseases and no muscle or joint damage is found, suggests fibromyalgia.
Missing Word
fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition of widespread pain and tenderness that is diagnosed by ruling out other disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Care focuses on symptom control, activity and mental health support.
Category: Pain and Spinal Disorders
Question 13
Dizziness on standing, heavy sweating and loss of bladder control in a patient with polyneuropathy show that, beyond the motor and sensory nerves, the disease has damaged the autonomic nerves.
Missing Word
autonomic
Autonomic nerves control involuntary functions such as blood pressure, sweating, digestion and bladder emptying. When polyneuropathy damages them, patients can have blood pressure drops on standing and bowel or bladder problems.
Category: Pain and Spinal Disorders
Question 14
A pulling force applied to keep the spine immobile and bring it back into alignment after a spinal cord injury is called traction.
Missing Word
traction
Traction applies a steady pull to immobilize and realign the injured spine. Nursing care includes keeping the device in place, checking skin and pin sites and monitoring neurological status.
Category: Neurologic Injury
Question 15
A mild traumatic brain injury that briefly disrupts brain function without damage visible on standard imaging is called a concussion.
Missing Word
concussion
A concussion is the mildest form of traumatic brain injury; imaging is usually normal even though symptoms such as headache, confusion and dizziness occur. Concussions are also a recognized cause of later headaches, including migraines.
Category: Neurologic Injury