After a simulation lab scenario, students and faculty review what went well and what went wrong during a guided discussion called debriefing.
Missing Word
debriefing
Debriefing is the structured discussion that follows a simulation. Reflecting on decisions and errors in a safe setting builds knowledge and critical thinking before students face similar situations with real patients.
Category: Systems and Informatics
Question 2
The research design that studies how a group's culture shapes the experiences and behaviors of its members is ethnography.
Missing Word
ethnography
Ethnography is a qualitative design focused on cultural influences on individuals, usually studied through observation and interaction within the group.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 3
In a quality improvement project, a stakeholder is anyone who is invested in the project or key to its success.
Missing Word
stakeholder
A stakeholder can be a patient, staff member, leader, or department affected by a change. Identifying stakeholders during planning helps build the team and gain support for the change.
Category: Quality Improvement
Question 4
A systematic error that distorts a study's results, such as placing the healthiest patients in the treatment group, is called bias.
Missing Word
bias
Bias is any systematic error in how a study is designed, carried out, or analyzed that pushes results away from the truth. Choosing healthier patients for the treatment group is selection bias, which can make an intervention look more effective than it is.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 5
In a true experiment, randomization assigns each participant to a group by chance so the groups are comparable at the start.
Missing Word
randomization
Randomization means each participant has an equal chance of landing in any group, which reduces bias. A study that lacks it is quasi-experimental.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 6
An inactive substance given to a comparison group so participants cannot tell whether they received the real treatment is a placebo.
Missing Word
placebo
A placebo looks like the real treatment but has no active effect. Comparing results against a placebo group shows whether the treatment itself caused the change.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 7
The interprofessional team member who reviews a patient's medication list for interactions and dosing problems is the pharmacist.
Missing Word
pharmacist
The pharmacist is the medication expert on the team, checking for interactions, duplications, and dosing errors and teaching patients about their drugs.
Category: Team Communication
Question 8
Unlike morality, which is a person's private sense of right and wrong, ethics is the study of right and wrong conduct based on standards that a community, such as a professional nursing organization, agrees on.
Missing Word
ethics
Ethics refers to the shared standards of a community, while morality is an individual's personal sense of right and wrong. A profession's code of ethics gives its members a common framework for decisions.
Category: Health Policy and Ethics
Question 9
When researchers collect data with no names or identifiers attached, so that not even the research team can link a response to a participant, the data are protected by anonymity.
Missing Word
anonymity
Anonymity protects participants' privacy because no one, including the researchers, can connect data to a person. Confidentiality differs: the researchers know who participated but do not disclose it.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 10
Research that explores people's personal experiences through interviews and observation rather than numerical measurement is called qualitative research.
Missing Word
qualitative
Qualitative research seeks to understand experiences and meanings, using designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative inquiry. Quantitative research relies on numerical data.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 11
Raising the head of the bed for a patient receiving tube feedings is an evidence-based practice that lowers the risk that stomach contents will enter the airway, an event called aspiration.
Missing Word
aspiration
Aspiration is the entry of stomach contents or other material into the airway and lungs, which can cause pneumonia. Elevating the head of the bed is a well-supported nursing measure to prevent it.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 12
Care that addresses the whole person, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, is called holistic care.
Missing Word
holistic
Holistic care looks beyond the disease to the whole person. Interprofessional teams support holistic care by combining the perspectives of different disciplines.
Category: Team Communication
Question 13
The process of evidence-based practice begins with a spirit of inquiry, the curiosity that leads a nurse to question whether current practice is the best approach.
Missing Word
inquiry
A spirit of inquiry is the starting point of evidence-based practice. It prompts nurses to ask clinical questions, which then guide the search for and appraisal of evidence.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 14
Whereas reliability describes how consistently a research instrument measures, validity describes whether it measures the concept it is intended to measure.
Missing Word
validity
Validity is the degree to which an instrument or study actually measures what it claims to measure. An instrument can be reliable, giving the same result each time, without being valid, so researchers check both.
Category: Evidence-Based Practice
Question 15
Lean, a quality improvement approach adapted from manufacturing, focuses on eliminating waste to improve efficiency.
Missing Word
waste
Lean targets waste, such as unnecessary steps, delays, and duplicated work. It differs from approaches that focus mainly on reducing variation and defects.
Category: Quality Improvement