Which of these is not a substance that provides the body with energy (calories)?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Water
✓
Proteins
Correct Answer
Water
The shared property is providing caloric energy to the body. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats all provide energy. Water is essential for life but provides no calories.
Question 2
Which of these is not a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C
✓
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Correct Answer
Vitamin C
The shared property is being a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamins A, D, and E are fat-soluble. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
Question 3
Which of these is not an amino acid considered essential for humans?
Leucine
Lysine
Glycine
✓
Valine
Correct Answer
Glycine
The shared property is being an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and it must be obtained from the diet. Leucine, Lysine, and Valine are essential amino acids. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it.
Question 4
Which of these is not a mineral classified as a trace mineral?
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Calcium
✓
Correct Answer
Calcium
The shared property is being a trace mineral, meaning it is needed in smaller quantities (less than 100 mg/day). Iron, zinc, and copper are trace minerals. Calcium is a major mineral, required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day.
Question 5
Which of these is not an organ that is part of the alimentary canal?
Pancreas
✓
Mouth
Stomach
Esophagus
Correct Answer
Pancreas
The shared property is being a direct part of the alimentary canal (the continuous tube through which food passes). The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are parts of the alimentary canal. The pancreas is an accessory organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, but food does not pass through it directly.
Question 6
Which of these is not a component of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) that specifies a recommended intake level for a nutrient?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
✓
Adequate Intake (AI)
Correct Answer
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
The shared property is being a DRI component that specifies a nutrient intake level (e.g., in mg or g). RDA, AI, and UL all specify intake levels. AMDR specifies a recommended percentage range of total daily calories that should come from a particular macronutrient.
Question 7
Which of these is not a vitamin belonging to the B-complex group?
Niacin (B3)
Vitamin C
✓
Riboflavin (B2)
Thiamin (B1)
Correct Answer
Vitamin C
The shared property is being a B-complex vitamin. Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin are all B vitamins. Vitamin C is also a water-soluble vitamin but is not part of the B-complex group.
Question 8
Which of these is not a disaccharide (a sugar composed of two monosaccharide units)?
Sucrose
Glucose
✓
Lactose
Maltose
Correct Answer
Glucose
The shared property is being a disaccharide. Sucrose (glucose + fructose), Lactose (glucose + galactose), and Maltose (glucose + glucose) are all disaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide (a single sugar unit).
Question 9
Which of these is not a deficiency disease caused by a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency?
Osteomalacia
Scurvy
✓
Xerophthalmia
Rickets
Correct Answer
Scurvy
The shared property is being a deficiency disease caused by a fat-soluble vitamin. Rickets and Osteomalacia are caused by Vitamin D deficiency, and Xerophthalmia is caused by Vitamin A deficiency. Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency, and Vitamin C is water-soluble.
Question 10
Which of these is not an enzyme primarily responsible for carbohydrate digestion?
Pepsin
✓
Salivary amylase
Maltase
Pancreatic amylase
Correct Answer
Pepsin
The shared property is being an enzyme that primarily digests carbohydrates. Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, and maltase all break down carbohydrates. Pepsin is an enzyme primarily responsible for protein digestion in the stomach.
Question 11
Which of these is not a type of insoluble dietary fiber?
Hemicellulose
Lignins
Cellulose
Pectins
✓
Correct Answer
Pectins
The shared property is being a type of insoluble dietary fiber. Cellulose, lignins, and hemicellulose are common types of insoluble fiber. Pectins are a type of soluble dietary fiber.
Question 12
Which of these is not a component that directly contributes to total daily energy expenditure (TEE)?
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Nutrient Storage
✓
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Physical Activity
Correct Answer
Nutrient Storage
The shared property is being a direct component of total daily energy expenditure. BMR, TEF, and physical activity are the three main components of TEE. Nutrient storage is a metabolic process that may consume or release energy, but it is not a direct category of energy expenditure in the same way as the others.
Question 13
Which of these is not a fatty acid that is typically unsaturated?
Alpha-linolenic acid
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
Palmitic acid
✓
Correct Answer
Palmitic acid
The shared property is being an unsaturated fatty acid (containing one or more double bonds). Oleic acid (monounsaturated), Linoleic acid (polyunsaturated), and Alpha-linolenic acid (polyunsaturated) are unsaturated fatty acids. Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid (containing no double bonds).
Question 14
Which of these is not an organ where significant water and electrolyte absorption occurs as a primary function?
Esophagus
✓
Large intestine
Colon
Small intestine
Correct Answer
Esophagus
The shared property is being an organ where significant water and electrolyte absorption is a primary function. The large intestine, small intestine, and colon (part of the large intestine) are major sites for water and electrolyte absorption. The esophagus primarily functions in transporting food from the mouth to the stomach.
Question 15
Which of these is not a dietary component generally recommended to be limited or reduced in a healthy diet?
Saturated fat
Trans fats
Whole grains
✓
Added sugars
Correct Answer
Whole grains
The shared property is being a dietary component that is generally recommended to be limited or reduced for optimal health. Saturated fat, added sugars, and trans fats are typically recommended for reduction. Whole grains are generally recommended to be increased in the diet.