Which of these is NOT a core concept associated with B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning?
Extinction
Positive reinforcement
Spontaneous recovery
✓
Negative punishment
Correct Answer
Spontaneous recovery
The shared property is being a core concept of operant conditioning. Positive reinforcement, negative punishment, and extinction are all fundamental concepts in operant conditioning. Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon observed in classical conditioning, not operant conditioning.
Question 2
Which of these is NOT one of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Concrete operational stage
Preoperational stage
Post-formal stage
✓
Sensorimotor stage
Correct Answer
Post-formal stage
The shared property is being one of Jean Piaget's established stages of cognitive development. The preoperational, concrete operational, and sensorimotor stages are all part of Piaget's theory. The post-formal stage is a theoretical stage proposed by others beyond Piaget's original work.
Question 3
Which of these is NOT an example of intrinsic motivation?
Solving a puzzle for the challenge
Completing homework to avoid a failing grade
✓
Learning a new skill out of curiosity
Reading a book for enjoyment
Correct Answer
Completing homework to avoid a failing grade
The shared property is being an example of intrinsic motivation, where the activity is pursued for inherent satisfaction. Reading a book for enjoyment, learning a new skill out of curiosity, and solving a puzzle for the challenge are all intrinsically motivated. Completing homework to avoid a failing grade is an example of extrinsic motivation, driven by an external consequence.
Question 4
Three of these describe a reliable assessment. Which one does not?
It accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
✓
It has minimal random error in measurement.
It consistently yields the same results under similar conditions.
Its scores are reproducible across different administrations.
Correct Answer
It accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
The shared property is describing a characteristic of a reliable assessment. Consistently yielding the same results, reproducible scores, and minimal random error are all indicators of reliability. Accurately measuring what it is intended to measure is the definition of validity.
Question 5
Which of these is NOT considered a proactive classroom management strategy?
Establishing clear classroom rules and expectations
Teaching students routines for common activities
Arranging the physical classroom space effectively
Providing immediate consequences for misbehavior
✓
Correct Answer
Providing immediate consequences for misbehavior
The shared property is being a proactive classroom management strategy, aiming to prevent misbehavior before it occurs. Establishing clear rules, arranging physical space, and teaching routines are all proactive strategies. Providing immediate consequences for misbehavior is a reactive strategy, applied after misbehavior has occurred.
Question 6
Which of these is NOT one of the primary elements that teachers differentiate in the classroom, according to Tomlinson?
Process
Content
Curriculum standards
✓
Product
Correct Answer
Curriculum standards
The shared property is being one of the primary elements teachers differentiate in the classroom. Content, process, and product are the key elements teachers adjust to meet diverse student needs. Curriculum standards define what students are expected to learn, but they are not themselves differentiated; rather, differentiation occurs within or around the standards.
Question 7
Which of these is NOT a central tenet of constructivist learning theory?
Social interaction plays a crucial role in knowledge construction.
Learners actively construct their own understanding.
Learning is primarily a passive reception of information.
✓
Knowledge is built upon prior experiences.
Correct Answer
Learning is primarily a passive reception of information.
The shared property is being a central tenet of constructivist learning theory. Constructivism emphasizes that learners actively construct understanding, build on prior experiences, and that social interaction is crucial. The idea that learning is primarily a passive reception of information aligns with more traditional, transmission models of teaching, not constructivism.
Question 8
Which of these concepts is NOT primarily associated with Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development?
Scaffolding
Egocentrism
✓
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
Correct Answer
Egocentrism
The shared property is being a core concept of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The Zone of Proximal Development, scaffolding, and the More Knowledgeable Other are all central to Vygotsky's theory. Egocentrism is a key concept in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, particularly during the preoperational stage.
Question 9
Which of these is NOT one of the main dimensions of causal attribution proposed by Weiner in his attribution theory?
Stability (stable/unstable)
Controllability (controllable/uncontrollable)
Locus (internal/external)
Self-efficacy (high/low)
✓
Correct Answer
Self-efficacy (high/low)
The shared property is being one of the main dimensions of causal attribution in Weiner's theory. Locus, stability, and controllability are the three primary dimensions used to categorize explanations for success or failure. Self-efficacy, while related to motivation, is a concept from Bandura's social cognitive theory, referring to one's belief in their ability to succeed.
Question 10
Which of these types of assessment interpretation does NOT compare a student's performance to that of a larger group of peers?
Norm-referenced assessment
Standardized achievement test (often norm-referenced)
Percentile rank (a norm-referenced score)
Criterion-referenced assessment
✓
Correct Answer
Criterion-referenced assessment
The shared property is that the assessment interpretation compares a student's performance to a larger group of peers. Norm-referenced assessment, standardized achievement tests (which typically use norm-referenced interpretation), and percentile ranks all involve comparing individual performance to a normative group. Criterion-referenced assessment, however, compares a student's performance to a predetermined set of standards or criteria, not to other students.
Question 11
Which of these classroom interventions is NOT primarily based on principles of behaviorism?
Positive reinforcement for desired behaviors
Encouraging students to reflect on their feelings
✓
Token economy system
Time-out from reinforcement
Correct Answer
Encouraging students to reflect on their feelings
The shared property is being a classroom intervention primarily based on principles of behaviorism. A token economy, time-out from reinforcement, and positive reinforcement are all direct applications of operant conditioning principles. Encouraging students to reflect on their feelings is more aligned with cognitive, humanistic, or socio-emotional learning approaches, focusing on internal states rather than external observable behaviors and consequences.
Question 12
Which of these is NOT one of the key student characteristics that teachers consider when differentiating instruction?
Age
✓
Interest
Readiness
Learning profile
Correct Answer
Age
The shared property is being a key student characteristic that teachers consider when differentiating instruction. Readiness, interest, and learning profile are fundamental aspects of students that teachers assess to tailor instruction effectively. While age is a factor in development, it is a general demographic category rather than a specific characteristic used to differentiate instruction in the same way as readiness, interest, or learning profile.
Question 13
Which of these individuals is NOT primarily associated with a behaviorist learning theory?
Albert Bandura
✓
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
Correct Answer
Albert Bandura
The shared property is being an individual primarily associated with a behaviorist learning theory. B.F. Skinner (operant conditioning), Ivan Pavlov (classical conditioning), and Edward Thorndike (Law of Effect) are all foundational figures in behaviorism. Albert Bandura is primarily known for his social cognitive theory, which incorporates cognitive processes and observational learning, moving beyond strict behaviorism.
Question 14
Which of these concepts is NOT a core component of the information processing model of memory?
Long-term memory
Object permanence
✓
Working memory
Sensory memory
Correct Answer
Object permanence
The shared property is being a core component of the information processing model of memory. Sensory memory, working memory (or short-term memory), and long-term memory are the fundamental stages in how information is processed and stored according to this model. Object permanence is a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, referring to a child's understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or heard.
Question 15
Which of these is NOT typically considered a type of achievement goal orientation in educational psychology?
Extrinsic goal
✓
Performance-avoidance goal
Performance-approach goal
Mastery goal (or learning goal)
Correct Answer
Extrinsic goal
The shared property is being a type of achievement goal orientation. Mastery goals (focus on learning and improvement), performance-approach goals (focus on demonstrating competence relative to others), and performance-avoidance goals (focus on avoiding demonstrating incompetence) are all established achievement goal orientations. An extrinsic goal refers to the source of motivation (external rewards/punishments) rather than a specific orientation towards achieving a task.