Which symptom is most likely to occur in a client who is taking furosemide?
Bradycardia
Muscle weakness
✓
More concentrated urine
Chest pain
Correct Answer
Muscle weakness
The diuretic effect of furosemide can cause electrolyte abnormalities such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia, which cause weakness.
Question 2
Which statement indicates that the client needs additional education on their newly prescribed medication, amiloride?
"I will avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications."
"I will report any weight loss that occurs after I start taking it."
"I will switch to a salt substitute containing potassium chloride."
✓
"I will take this medication first thing in the morning."
Correct Answer
"I will switch to a salt substitute containing potassium chloride."
Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so salt substitutes containing potassium should be avoided.
Question 3
Which eGFR value is consistent with a client who has chronic renal disease?
45 mL/minute/1.73 m2
✓
120 mL/minute/1.73 m2
90 mL/minute/1.73 m2
75 mL/minute/1.73 m2
Correct Answer
45 mL/minute/1.73 m2
An eGFR value less than 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 for 3 months indicates chronic renal disease.
Question 4
Which medication increases solute concentration in the blood to drive fluid shifts for excretion?
Triamterene
Bumetanide
Mannitol
✓
Metolazone
Correct Answer
Mannitol
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that creates an osmotic gradient that pulls water from cells into the intravascular space.
Question 5
The nurse is caring for an older adult female client with a history of osteoporosis who was recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which diuretic would be most appropriate for this client?
Hydrochlorothiazide
✓
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Furosemide
Correct Answer
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide maintain serum calcium levels.
Question 6
Which sign is most concerning for the client receiving mannitol?
Elevated blood glucose levels
Orthostatic hypotension
Increased urine output
Lung congestion and peripheral edema
✓
Correct Answer
Lung congestion and peripheral edema
Mannitol is contraindicated for clients with heart failure. Lung congestion and peripheral edema are signs of this condition for which the nurse needs to monitor.
Question 7
The nurse should monitor the client receiving spironolactone for which adverse effect?
Hearing loss
Cardiac arrhythmias
✓
Nausea and vomiting
Increased intracranial pressure
Correct Answer
Cardiac arrhythmias
Clients taking spironolactone are at risk for developing bradycardia.
Question 8
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who was started on a thiazide diuretic during this hospitalization. Which statement indicates that additional instruction is required?
"I will let the doctor know if I develop leg cramps."
"I need to eat some potassium every day for a month or so."
"I need to read food labels to check for salt."
"I'm concerned about getting up to go to the bathroom all night every night."
✓
Correct Answer
"I'm concerned about getting up to go to the bathroom all night every night."
The nurse should instruct the client to take diuretics in the morning to help prevent nocturia.
Question 9
Which medication could be prescribed to treat hyperkalemia?
Furosemide
✓
Mannitol
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer
Furosemide
Loop diuretics cause potassium to be excreted and can be used for clients with hyperkalemia.
Question 10
Which of the following statements is correct?
Diuretic therapy improves clinical outcomes in clients with acute kidney injury.
To be effective, the dose of a diuretic must meet the threshold dose for the drug.
✓
Oliguria is an absolute contraindication for diuretic therapy.
Furosemide is an effective treatment for nephrotic syndrome.
Correct Answer
To be effective, the dose of a diuretic must meet the threshold dose for the drug.
Diuretics such as furosemide have a threshold dose that is required for response, as well as a ceiling dose beyond which the diuretic effect will not increase.