A nurse is assessing a client for type 1 diabetes. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect if the client does, in fact, have diabetes?
Glycosylated hemoglobin 6.8%
✓
Fasting blood glucose 101 mg/dL
Hemoglobin A1c 5.6%
Random blood glucose 150 mg/dL
Correct Answer
Glycosylated hemoglobin 6.8%
A glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 6.5% represents diabetes.
Question 2
A nurse is developing an education plan for a client with diabetes in regard to an insulin pump. Which of the following should the nurse include in the education plan?
Teach the client to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia
✓
Teach the client to rotate sites for insulin injections
Teach the client how to obtain a glycosylated hemoglobin once a month
Teach the client how to administer insulin injections
Correct Answer
Teach the client to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia
Clients with diabetes should be taught to recognize signs of hypoglycemia to prevent a hypoglycemic reaction and serious complications.
Question 3
A nurse is administering regular insulin to a client with diabetes. After administering the correct dose at 6:30 a.m., the nurse should ensure the client receives breakfast at which of the following times?
9 a.m.
7 a.m.
✓
8 a.m.
10 a.m.
Correct Answer
7 a.m.
The onset of regular insulin is 30 minutes. Breakfast should be given by 7 a.m. to prevent hypoglycemia.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who is being prescribed a long-acting insulin. The nurse identifies which of the following as a long-acting insulin?
Insulin isophane NPH
Insulin glargine
✓
Insulin lispro
Human regular insulin
Correct Answer
Insulin glargine
Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin.
Question 5
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about a new prescription for insulin isophane NPH. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Discard the insulin isophane NPH if cloudy.
Take insulin isophane NPH 15 minutes before meals.
Rotate insulin isophane NPH injection sites once a week.
Eat a snack 7 hours after taking the insulin isophane NPH.
✓
Correct Answer
Eat a snack 7 hours after taking the insulin isophane NPH.
Insulin isophane NPH peaks in 4–12 hours. The client is at risk for hypoglycemia during this time and should eat a snack to prevent hypoglycemia.
Question 6
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who has a blood glucose of 50 mg/dL and is semiconscious and having difficulty swallowing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Administer 15 grams of carbohydrates
Administer glucagon
✓
Give the client a glass of orange juice
Administer a routine dose of glyburide
Correct Answer
Administer glucagon
Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia when the client is semiconscious, unconscious, or unable to consume carbohydrates/sugar.
Question 7
A nurse is preparing to administer 15 units of regular insulin and 23 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously. What is the total number of units of insulin that the nurse should prepare in the insulin syringe?
12 units
15 units
38 units
✓
23 units
Correct Answer
38 units
The nurse should combine the regular insulin and the NPH in the same syringe so a total of 38 units should be prepared, with regular insulin being drawn up first.
Question 8
Which of the following insulins can be administered via an insulin pump?
Insulin detemir
Insulin glargine
Insulin aspart
✓
Insulin isophane NPH
Correct Answer
Insulin aspart
Only rapid-acting insulins should be administered via an insulin pump. Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin.
Question 9
A 76-year-old client with diabetes and renal impairment is scheduled for a diagnostic test requiring the use of contrast dye. Which of the following drugs should the nurse instruct the client to stop taking 24 hours prior to the procedure?
Metformin
✓
Insulin lispro
Glipizide
Linagliptin
Correct Answer
Metformin
Metformin should be held 24 hours prior to and 48 hours after contrast dye administration in clients with renal impairment.
Question 10
A nurse received a health care provider's order to administer 750 mg of metformin twice daily to a client. Metformin is available in 500 mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer per dose?